Mirza Waheed's deeply anguished, bold and lyrical debut novel remains a most enduring lament for the tragic plight of Kashmiris caught up in a conflict that has consumed multiple unfortunate generations. Though it came out in 2011 nothing much has changed. If anything, things are more horrendous than ever before as in the late summer of 2019 the entire populace of the Kashmir valley finds itself facing a curfew and disconnected from the rest of the world, after having their Constitutional protections summarily stripped away.
The Collaborator is told through the eyes of a sensitive seventeen year old living in a small, remote and increasingly tormented village on the Indian side near the LOC at a time of heightened attrition and violence. We learn that it is an area frequently used by 'infiltrators' - a term used for young Kashmiri men (but also non-Kashmiris who may similarly cross the LOC in such manner) who leave home invariably as a reaction to their continued persecution, cross the border to get armed and trained, and then 'infiltrate' back to their home terrain. As a result, the area has a large Indian army presence and those trying to get back are routinely shot and killed. Many of them lie dead, decimated and unclaimed across a stretch of land that is in full view of distant army check posts on either side.
The narrator finds himself in a situation - after almost all his friends have left (he believes they have crossed over to Pakistan and is deeply aggrieved that he had no prior intimation and also that he was left behind) - where he is under compulsion to periodically visit the accursed stretch of land. His macabre task is to retrieve identification cards, weapons and other such items from the often badly damaged and decomposing bodies of the dead. His task master is a smartly turned out, heavy drinking, foul-mouthed young Captain Kadian whose pet peeve and stock justification for all the unsavory tasks he and his military men are performing, is Pakistan.
In this bleak and morbid context the narrator gradually introduces the readers to the beautiful coniferous forest covered mountains and streams steeped in mist, abiding friendships and playful days of adolescence, and a simple, reclusive, unhurried life in one of the most beautiful parts of the world. But peace has been a reluctant and infrequent visitor given how that part of the world has been the arena for the entrenched contestation and conflict between India and Pakistan. Pakistan's involvement in luring young men to become cannon fodder receives critical attention (as does the influx of a more radical brand of Islam) and also, at times, its inability to fight and fulfill its professed intent to liberate the persecuted. However, the mainstay of the book is a showcasing, meticulous description, and indictment of the brutalization of a place where its own government (legitimate or otherwise) adopts a policy of systematic and harsh suppression to maintain political control. At the same time, the author also reflects and elaborates on how Kashmiri resistance to such brutalization has indigenous and organic roots and motivations. The novel graphically documents and narrates episodes of extreme violence - killings, torture, abductions, persecution and humiliation of Kashmiris by the Indian state that have also been so boldly captured in recent years by Basharat Peer's 'Curfewed Night,' Arundhati Roy's 'The Ministry of Utmost Happiness' and Vishal Bhardwaj's 'Haider.'
Mirza's language is deeply imbued with the melancholic autumnal colors of his beautiful valley. He is particularly poetic as he describes the gradual erosion of an idyllic part of the world - both physically and in spirit. When he juxtaposes the gentle, natural surroundings and innocent way of life with the harshness of a military subjugation, he displays remarkable eye for detail and talent for capturing the callously ridiculous. One particularly poignant chapter 'The Governor's Gift' describes the visit of a new, ugly and particularly despotic Governor to the village along with his fawning military and journalistic entourage. On a cold and dismal morning the entire population of the village (including infants, the aged, and the unwell) is forced to assemble and sit or squat for hours in an open, unsheltered space and listen to a long and vacuous speech under the menacing gaze of heavily armed military men.
"For God knows how long, then, the Governor ranted and railed in never-ending English sentences - was he showing off? - before an aching, yawning, scratching, moaning, farting crowd. He went on and on about the rightful place of Kashmir in the sacred vision of India."
This is a novel that will not appeal to those with rigid statist perspectives on life and they appear to be everywhere in these callous, jingoistic, majoritarian times. From a less parochial and more human perspective, however, one can't escape empathizing with the deep pathos of the story and the plight of the simple folk living close to the LOC as well as elsewhere in Kashmir. On almost a daily basis they are the ones who face the brunt of the conflict. At the same time, regardless of one's nationality, Mirza Waheed's narrative ought to force you to examine the quantum of duress and cruelty that is practiced in the name of unity, oneness, nationality and religion - in several parts of the world. On the other hand, the beauty of Mirza Waheed's prose and the deep sensitivity with which his narrator describes his home, his lost friends, the loss of his parents' dignity and that of his people, and the steady destruction of all that is beautiful in life, is truly heart-breaking.
One of the finest novels to have come out in recent years it remains deeply relevant today. It deserves much more attention than what some of the pretentious and largely soulless pieces of recent writing routinely get. The novel moves you, fully holds your attention, and forces you to question narrow, parochial, statist views of life - that are particularly dangerous in these toxic days. We are persuaded to reflect that at times there are very clear choices to be made by anyone with any conscience - between empathy and humanism on one side and blind nationalism and patriotism on the other.