Mikhail Ivanovich Rostovtzeff, or Rostovtsev (Russian: Михаи́л Ива́нович Росто́вцев; November 10 [O.S. October 29] 1870 – October 20, 1952) was a Russian historian whose career straddled the 19th and 20th centuries and who produced important works on Ancient Roman and Greek history. He was a member of the Russian Academy of Science.
Rostovtzeff was the son of a Latin teacher. Upon completing his studies at the universities of Kiev and St. Petersburg, Rostovtsev served as an assistant and then as a full Professor of Latin at the University of St. Petersburg 1898–1918. In 1918, following the Russian Revolution, he emigrated first to Sweden, then to England, and finally in 1920 to the United States. There he accepted a chair at the University of Wisconsin–Madison before moving to Yale University in 1925 where he taught until his retirement in 1944. He oversaw all archaeological activities of the latter institution in general and the excavations of Dura-Europos in particular. He is believed to have coined the term "caravan city".
While working in Russia, Rostovtzeff became an authority on the ancient history of South Russia and Ukraine. He summed up his knowledge on the subject in Iranians and Greeks in South Russia (1922) and Skythien und der Bosporus (1925). His most important archaeological findings at Yale were described in Dura-Europos and Its Art (1938).
Glen Bowersock described Rostovtzeff's views as having been largely formed by the age of thirty, developing mainly only in the quality of execution in later life, and making him "the last of the nineteenth-century ancient historians". Rostovtzeff was known as a proud and slightly overpowering man who did not fit in easily. In later life, he suffered from depression.
The Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire:
Rostovtzeff was notable for his theories of the cause of the collapse of the Roman Empire which he expounded in detail in his magisterial The Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire (1926). Scarred by his experience of fleeing from the Russian Revolution, he attributed the collapse of the Roman Empire to an alliance between the rural proletariat and the military in the third century A.D. Despite not being a Marxist himself, Rostovtzeff used terms such as proletariat, bourgeoisie and capitalism freely in his work and the importation of those terms into a description of the ancient world, where they did not necessarily apply, caused criticism.
Rostovtzeff's theory was quickly understood as one based on the author's own experiences and equally quickly rejected by the academic community. Bowersock later described the book as "the marriage of pre-1918 scholarly training and taste with post-1918 personal experience and reflection." At the same time, however, the detailed scholarship involved in the production of the work impressed his contemporaries and he was one of the first to merge archaeological evidence with literary sources.
A pesar de ser una obra antigua y contener algunos errores (por ejemplo atribuye la cerámica del Testaccio a importaciones de la Galia en lugar de la Bética), tiene el mérito de ser la primera obra en arrojar luz sobre aspectos económicos y sociales obviados hasta entonces.
Es confuso el uso de los términos "capitalismo urbano" y "capitalismo de estado"
Buena aproximación a la producción por sectores, geografías y épocas.
A good read, BUT a word of caution from an authority on Roman history and culture : "Today there is probably not one reputable historian who would accept the basic thesis of Rostovtzeff's book. Few, however, would question the greatness of his work" G. W. Bowersock, Daedalus, Vol. 103, No. 1, 1974 (see JSTOR). And another, extracted from a 10-page review : "Rostovtzeff was [...] what might be called an 'unhappy Marxian' [and his work] is probably the most extreme interpretation of the kind among all first-rate works about antiquity." S. Dow, The American Historical Review, Vol. 65, No. 3, 1960 (see JSTOR).
Para aproximarnos al concepto jurídico de Imperio, debemos observar primero la genealogía del concepto, lo que nos dará algunos términos preliminares para nuestra investigación. El concepto nos llega de una larga tradición, primariamente europea, que retrocede, por lo menos, hasta la antigua Roma, donde la figura jurídico-política de Imperio se asoció íntimamente con los orígenes cristianos de las civilizaciones europeas. Allí, el concepto de Imperio unió categorías jurídicas y valores éticos universales, haciéndolos funcionar juntos como un todo orgánico. Esta unión ha funcionado continuamente dentro del concepto, cualesquiera fuesen las vicisitudes de la historia del Imperio. Cada sistema jurídico es, de algún modo, la cristalización de un conjunto de valores, porque la ética forma parte de la materialidad de cada fundación jurídica, pero el Imperio – y en particular la tradición Romana de derecho imperial – es peculiar en cuanto empuja la coincidencia y universalidad de lo ético y lo jurídico hasta el extremo: en el Imperio hay paz, en el Imperio hay garantía de justicia para todos. El concepto de Imperio es presentado como un concierto global bajo la dirección de un único conductor, un poder unitario que mantiene la paz social y produce sus verdades éticas. Y para alcanzar estos fines, al poder único se le otorga la fuerza necesaria para conducir, cuando sea necesario, “guerras justas” en las fronteras, contra los bárbaros, e internamente contra los rebeldes.