There are a few nice insights here about the parables of Jesus. Here are some favorite quotes:
"The parables not only teach us what Jesus expects of us; they also teach us the very nature of Jesus Himself, and through Him, the nature of our Father in Heaven (p. x)."
"Which is the greater--the story or the author who writes it (p. xi)?"
"'Western readers expect a text to contain a meaning that is fully expressed and immediately understood. Eastern peoples, in general, love verbal symbolism that must be pondered and savored (p. 2).'"
"The parables were designed to (1) bring enlightenment and truth to those who seek it; and (2) yet appear to be nothing more than charming stories or similes to those who are not as prepared spiritually (p. 4)."
"It can both reveal and conceal meaning simultaneously, depending on the openness of the hearts of the listeners (p. 5)."
"'To ascertain its meaning, we must dig up the root and ascertain what it was that drew the saying out of Jesus' (Joseph Smith, p. 6)."
"He's teaching eternal principles that lead us to eternal life--the life on which the young man of great wealth had just turned his back and gone away sorrowing (p. 17)."
"The word parable means to place things side by side in a parallel structure so as to teach or illustrate a point (p. 18)."
"Why would the Lord share this parable with His disciples, and especially the Twelve? Perhaps because they themselves among those who were 'the first' to be called to the work in the early morning of that new dispensation. Their service would be long and demanding. They would leave their wives and families sometimes for years at a time (p. 22)."
"We should be grateful for any opportunity to labor in the work of the kingdom of God, wherever and whenever God sees fit to use us, and for as long as He wants us there (p. 24)."
"Some of our callings in our stakes, wards, and branches take less than an hour a month. Yet the 'salary' is the same for both (p. 26)."
"Jesus was always teaching all of His followers what true discipleship meant and how to more consistently live the principles of the gospel (p. 36)."
"The covenant that the Father and the Son have made with us is so rich in blessings, so broad in benefits, and so infinite in its joy that no matter how much we serve Them or how much good we do in this world, we cannot begin to repay Them for all that we owe to Them... And yet, sometimes in our myopic pride and arrogance we feel that our acts of obedience somehow put God in our debt (p. 42)."
"The soils are the central focus of this parable. Jesus made it clear that the soils represent the 'hearts' of men. Thus, the Lord describes four different conditions of people's hearts (p. 53)."
"'A surgeon can repair or replace a mitral valve that has lost its integrity. But no surgical procedure can be performed for loss of spiritual integrity of heart' (Russell M. Nelson, p. 59)."
"The parable teaches us to pray earnestly to strengthen our relationship with God... it teaches us how to qualify for the kingdom of heaven (p. 80)."
"The Savior told His listeners what the moral of the story was before He told the story (p. 86)."
"'In no dimension of the divine personality of Jesus Christ do we see His love any more fully expressed than in the divine tutorials given especially to His friends... He would not deny these enriching but stretching divine tutorials to any who follow Him... Perhaps these divine tutorials carry such a high priority because the more we are fully developed here, the more chores and opportunities we can be given in the world to come' (Neal A. Maxwell, p. 90)."
"He often infuriated the scribes and the Pharisees because He saw through their hypocrisy and openly condemned their pride and their wickedness (p. 97)."
"When we think about it, this last question is quite revealing about the lawyer's character. By asking who his neighbor was, he was asking, 'So who do I have to love?... Who can I not love and still be acceptable to God?' Jesus's answer was the story of the good Samaritan (p. 118)."
"'A hallmark of the Lord's true and living Church will always be an organized, directed effort to minister to individual children of God and their families' (Russell M. Nelson, p. 126)."
"'If you would have God have mercy on you, have mercy on one another' (Joseph Smith, p. 127)."
"The shepherd's care for the sheep is the main point of the parable (p. 132)."
"'The sheep is worthy of divine rescue simply because it is loved by the Good Shepherd' (Dieter F. Uchtdorf, p. 133)."
"It didn't matter how each item was lost. The effort to recover it and the joy when it was recovered were very much the same (p. 134)."
"The reminder to minister to those in need is truly one of the sweet aspects of the many parables Jesus has given us (p. 159)."
"'Blessed are ye if ye continue in my goodness, a light unto the Gentiles, and through this priesthood, a savior unto my people Israel' (Doctrine and Covenants 86:11, p. 174)."
"'Why do we need such resilient faith? Because difficult days are ahead... I am optimistic about the future. It will be filled with opportunities for each of us to progress, contribute, and take the gospel to every corner of the earth' (Russell M. Nelson, p. 182)."
"It appears that one of Jesus's purposes in sharing this parable, especially in the presence of the Pharisses, was to focus on the priorities people set in life, often with no consideration for the future consequences of their choices (p. 189)."
"The covenant is made with individuals, not an organization, and it is made between the Lord and the people, who are then organized into a formal organization... Participation in the kingdom of God is by invitation through covenant, with the expectation that individuals will join themselves to the work of the Lord through covenants (p. 202)."
"While the lamps are very important in this parable, the oil is a central focus of what Jesus was trying to teach us (p. 205)."
"'Spiritual preparation is not something which can be distributed round in a crisis, and the wise are not being selfish (p. 207).'"
"The oil in our lamps represents the enlightening influence of the Holy Ghost and all of the gifts, powers, and privileges connected with the Spirit of God (p. 208)."
"'The oil of preparedness is accumulated drop by drop in righteous living. Attendance at sacrament meetings adds oil to our lamps, drop by drop over the years. Fasting, family prayer, home teaching, control of bodily appetites, preaching the gospel, studying the scriptures--each act of dedication and obedience is a drop added to our store' (Spencer W. Kimball, p. 210)."
"One way that we add oil to our lamps is through prayer (p. 212)."
"'Can the spiritual strength that results from consistent obedience to the commandments be given to another person? Can the knowledge obtained through diligent study and pondering of the scriptures be conveyed to one who is in need? Can the peace the gospel brings to a faithful Latter-day Saint be transferred to an individual experiencing adversity or great challenge (p. 213)?"
"Jesus doesn't say why he gave the three of them different amounts, but it seems likely that he saw differing levels of ability and integrity in them and acted accordingly (p. 218)."
"The message of this parable has to do with our personal accountability to God concerning what we do in this life with the gifts and blessings that are given to each of us (p. 221)."
"1. Seek earnestly to discover the talents the Lord has given you.
2. Use your talents to build up the kingdom of God.
3. Acknowledge God's hand in your success (p. 222)."
"Jesus taught us what it is we need to do His work successfully--the Holy Ghost and all of its gifts and powers (p. 231)."
"Usually a parable draws moral lessons from things or events that are part of people's everyday life--plants and animals, people, experiences from daily living, and many other things (p. 235)."
"We see with new eyes the vast grandeur of the Father's plan and we find ourselves understanding the lessons of the parables expanding beyond our own comprehension, enlightening our minds (p. 236)."