Thrilling. Mind bending. We are so much more than our eyes see and brains think. The world is such a mystery with so much to share. I’m stupefied. Zukav has given us a book about the world without the math that lets the scientists do their research and analysis. As he says, Mathematics is the tool of physics. Stripped of mathematics, physics becomes pure enchantment. Though physics without math might not be physics, I deeply appreciate that he has given me the ability to consider what physics can tell me about the world without the math that is just way over my intellectual abilities. The blend of Hindu and Eastern thinking is interesting and added a nice touch but was less central for me. That said, he shows there is an intersection of religious and scientific thinking that is quite compelling, especially since Western culture has forced such binary stand-offs between the two for centuries.
My review is going to riff on a series of quotes. Out of context, the quotes might seem a little woo-woo, but I promise they follow logically from the preceding scientific discussions. At any rate, they are insights that have significant meaning for me from the text.
...an elementary particle is not an independently existing, unanalyzable entity. It is, in essence, a set of relationships that reach out to other things…. Photons do not exist by themselves. All that exists by itself is an unbroken wholeness that presents itself to us as webs (more patterns) of relations. Individual entities are idealizations which are correlations made by us.... the physical world, according to quantum mechanics, is not a structure built out of independently existing unanalyzable entities, but rather a web of relationships between elements whose meanings arise wholly from their relationships to the whole.
Compare that to Donne's no man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main." Western poetry, Eastern mysticism, quantum mechanics - they appear to be in harmony singing the same chorus.
We are accustomed to believing that something is there or it is not there. Whether we look at it or not, it is either there or it is not there. Our experience tells us that the physical world is solid, real, and independent of us. Quantum mechanics says, simply, that this is not so.... Without perception, the universe continues, via the Schrodinger equation, to generate an endless profusion of possibilities. The effect of perception, however, is immediate and dramatic. All of the wave function representing the observed system collapses, except one part, which actualizes into reality. Who is looking at the universe? Put another way, How is the universe being actualized? We are actualizing the universe. Since we are part of the universe, that makes the universe (and us) self-actualizing.
In this view, we are not insignificant, nothing “mere” about sidelined observers – we matter to the events as we watch because our observation helps create it. This is a fantastic notion.
The new physics tells us that an observer cannot observe without altering what he sees. Observer and observed are interrelated in a real and fundamental sense. ...complementarity leads to the conclusion that the world consists not of things, but of interactions. Properties belong to interactions, not to independently existing things, like "light."
Nothing belongs only to itself, but its relationships and interactions with other “things,” but keep grappling with the idea that things are not “here” or “there” but connected.
...if we use light with a wavelength short enough to locate the electron, we cause an undeterminable change in the electron's momentum. The only alternative is to use a less energetic light. Less energetic light, however, causes our original problem: Light with an energy low enough not to disturb the momentum of the electron will have a wavelength so long it will not be able to show us where the electron is!
I always wondered why multiple observations couldn’t be set to do away with the uncertainty of velocity and position, and this explains it. But even more, the intent of the scientist or technician running the experiment appears to make a real difference, there are pages and pages and multiple experiments explained that show this over and over.
Science, at the level of subatomic events, is no longer "exact," the distinction between objective and subjective has vanished, and the portals through which the universe manifests itself are, as we once knew a long time ago, those impotent, passive witnesses to its unfolding, the "I"s, of which, we, insignificant we, are examples. The Cogs in the Machine have become the Creators of the Universe.
Here Zukav shows how we have wended our way or shifted our viewpoint from man being at the center, to Copernican cosmology Newtonian/classical physics having man be a mere bystander unimportant to the running of the universe, to quantum mechanics putting our beingness as an important part of the whole mélange. Our observation not only changes the probability of what might happen, but creates it. But also, saying that “exact sciences” is somehow more respectable or rational doesn’t hold up in the quantum realm.
According to Einstein, time and space are not separate. Something cannot exist at some place without existing at some time, and neither can it exist at some time without existing at some place.... William Blake's famous poem reaches out toward these intangible qualities:
To see a World in a Grain of Sand
And a Heaven in a Wild Flower.
Hold Infinity in the palm of your hand
And Eternity in an hour.
How our brains work, how our language works, frequently leads us to want binary clarity, but experience shows again and again there are many more permutations. There is no single time which flows equally for all observers. Even something as simple as “now” is not absolute. And then, there is always an alternative between every “this” and every “that.” The recognition of this quality of experience is an integral part of quantum logic.
The world view of particle physics is a picture of chaos beneath order. At the fundamental level is a confusion of continual creation, annihilation, and transformation. Above this confusion, limiting the forms that it can take, are a set of conservation laws. They do not specify what must happen, as ordinary laws of physics do, rather they specify what cannot happen. They are permissive laws. At the subatomic level, absolutely everything that is not forbidden by the conservation laws actually happens.
That “continual creation, annihilation, and transformation” thing is happening at the subatomic level where we think there are particles, the static, basic ‘stuff’ of the universe, but they are energy, dancing in endless patterns. Hindu mythology is virtually a large-scale projection into the psychological realm of microscopic scientific discoveries. Hindu deities such as Shiva and Vishnu continually dance the creation and destruction of universes..."
"Quantum field theory" is of course a contradiction in terms. A quantum is an indivisible whole. It is a small piece of something, while a field is a whole area of something. A "quantum field" is the juxtaposition of two irreconcilable concepts. In other words, it is a paradox. It defies our categorical imperative that something be either this or that, but not both.... Paradoxes are the places where our rational mind bumps into its own limitations…. There is speculation, and some evidence, that consciousness, at the most fundamental levels, is a quantum process.
This might be why time sometimes seems endless and other times instant, meaningless to “reality” because we impose a flow to appearances and events. Underneath those appearances is a different reality we catch glimpses of, those times when timelessness, or time and space, don’t exist. Afterall, Enlightenment is the experience that “things,” including “I,” are transient, virtual states devoid of separate existences, momentary links between illusions of the past and illusions of the future unfolding in the illusion of time.
…it might not be possible to construct a model of reality. This acknowledgement is more than a recognition of this theory or that theory. It is a recognition emerging throughout the West that knowledge itself is limited. Said another way, it is a recognition of the difference between knowledge and wisdom.
Beautiful. 4 1/2 stars.