World Philosophies

by Ninian Smart

World Philosophies is a comprehensive survey of the world's philosophical and religious traditions by one of our foremost religious thinkers. Ninian Smart discusses notable figures such as Plato and Kierkegaard in the West, the Buddha and Mao Zedong in Asia, Tempels and Knibanga in Africa, and Rodo and Royce in America. Covering a wide range of topics including Indian ideas of testimony and evidence, Chinese notions of moral development, Buddhist concepts of cosmology and Latin American critiques of materialism, Smart sheds new light on the astonishing diversity of philosophies that have developed throughout history.

Genres: Philosophy, Religion

464 pages, Paperback

First published January 5, 1999

Reviews

[シティ]

Falsafah Dunia
Penulis: Ninian Smart
ISBN: 9789830682525
Tahun Terbit: 2015
Harga: RM 70.00 / 75.00 (Sabah & Sarawak)
Kategori: Umum, Falsafah

https://wa.me/60192219015?text=Saya%2...

Kita hidup dalam era yang paling banyak berubah dalam sejarah. Pada zaman silam, adalah mustahil untuk kita berjalan dari satu pusat tamadun ke pusat tamadun lain, malah sebahagian besar dunia tidak dikenali oleh sebahagian yang lain. Seluruh wilayah terpisah antara satu sama lain, lalu sejarah difikirkan secara berasingan oleh kelompok masyarakat yang berlainan. Tapi kini, semuanya bergerak seiring lalu membentuk aliran tunggal sejarah dunia. Kesannya, kita semua kini termasuk dalam proses ekonomi global dan perlu berfikir secara global. Buku ini memaparkan falsafah dari seluruh dunia yang cuba menyedarkan peri pentingnya memberi penekanan kepada budaya dan tamadun silam pelbagai bangsa, agama dan iklim intelektual – asas yang banyak menyumbang kepada pemikiran manusia.

[Roy · Rating 4 out of 5]

This book is a wide ranging introduction to "worldviews," not just philosophy. While it is clear from reading the book that Smart is himself a Buddhist, he nonetheless does a good job of trying to remain
"objective" in his presentation.
Th edition that I read was the Second Edition. I believe the editor has added sections that repeat what Smart has said. There are also some cases where the additional material is merely a list of names of philosophers in the areas being presented. Substantive information about their ideas is not given.
I would also criticize the editors of the book for not catching blatant historical errors. A prime example is "Hitler's Weimar Republic," as if that were the same as the Third Reich.
In conclusion, this book attempts to cover the breadth of philosophy up to the present. It is weak on recent trends in philosophy. In addition, it should be read with a great deal of caution, especially on recent developments.
I hope the Third Edition (which I have not read) corrects the errors of the Second Edition.

[Tim Pendry · Rating 3 out of 5]

Ninian Smart was a founding figure in British secular religious studies. This review of 'world philosophy' came at the very end of his life as perhaps a summation of at least one part of his life's work - a particular approach to religion as containing within it varieties of philosophy.

The reader should be warned, therefore, that this is a book largely of the many different potentialities of philosophy as justifications for belief and culture rather than any set of positions about philosophy as a professional investigation of the truth or challenge in the cause of truth.

Smart is instinctively non-judgmental and tolerant, the epitome of the kindly Scottish relativist who refuses to get off the fence even when it is a matter of saying whether God exists or not. The question is irrelevant to him - the issue is whether those he studies believe what they believe.

Once this position is established, then the book can abandon the study of religion qua religion and look at the many varieties of judgement and criticism that we call philosophy and that make up the human religious condition along equally non-judgemental globalist lines.

From this perspective, the book is useful as a reference work but Smart has taken on too big a task, especially as he insists on giving broadly equal value to all parts of the world and all traditions. The result is (as with so many general companions to philosophy) short-handing and so obscurities.

Still, as sets of summary of the many components of human belief and the 'thinking' that goes into sustaining them, the book is better in the library than out of it. The extensive bibliography alone provides a baseline, at the end of the last century, for further study.

[tara bomp · Rating 3 out of 5]

I got like half way through where for various reasons I lost steam. I mean it's a perfectly good summary of a lot of different philosophical stuff from around the world but often because it can only be a very short summary of each it gets hard to keep up and it's very hard to keep track of many philosophies which clearly have big differences but which appear very similar if you don't understand the concepts well and when they're not explained in detail. So after a while a lot of what's written appears almost redundant because you can't really get a grasp on the differences between these philosophies. Which is frustrating. It's a lot my fault of course and I appreciate the effort and know it's a hard thing to do well. Oh well.

Couple of stunning lines in this that I want to remark on because my only philosophy knowledge is Marxism and that Nietzsche sucks.

He remarks of Nietzsche "It was as if Nietzsche anticipated Nazism (and he was of course falsely linked to the Nazi message, as if Goebbels and Goering and the like could possibly be mistaken for Nietzsche's classically inspired idea of the superior human being)" ! Apparently the Nazis were bad because they were not superhuman *enough*. The message of Aryan racial superiority would have been ok if it was true. This is some sick shit. He talks about Nietzsche's idea of "slave morality" but doesn't criticise it and doesn't mention his idea that it's all traceable to Jewish influence. Hmm.

The short Marx section is a pretty decent short summary. And then he mentions Lenin, and we get this:

"It is this system [Marxism-Leninism] which in 1989 largely collapsed amid disillusionment. One main reason for this is that Marx's own devaluation of legal institutions and democratic values paved the way for a ruthless State machinery and command economy which created a vast amount of human suffering...

One of the themes, specially of Lenin, was the importance of praxis for understanding. The way to the truth lay through Marxism. This doctrine made Marxism virtually unfalsifiable."

My problem isn't with the line about "ruthless State machinery" but the justification given for it is so weak. It's very hard to say that "devalued democratic values" given his entire concept of a new society was sort of about ultra democracy and "devaluation of legal institutions" is funny because yes he "devalued" bourgeois legal institutions and thought we should build something new but also it implies that somehow "legal institutions" don't do bad things, as if the USSR didn't have laws and a sophisticated policing and justice system. It's absurd. And of course it's interesting to contrast with Nietzsche - his devaluing of democratic values ie insisting democracy is evil and bad doesn't get a mention at all.

The second part is funny because that's not really what praxis means but also because in a book about philosophy "falsifability" rarely comes into things. It'd be hard to falsify Plato's philosophy of forms, for example, and he'd never even think to say it. It's just interesting to me the way Marxism is talked about in ways that don't aid understanding at all.