The part of this book that I will remember next year – rather than just next week – is his discussion of how consumerism has changed our notion of time. So, I’m going to start with that.
In Ancient Greece they had quite a different notion of time. They saw time as being cyclical. Not just in the sense of the seasons and their repetitions, but even longer cycles and repetitions. In a sense this is also a strong influence on Nietzsche’s idea of the eternal recurrence of the same – this Greek notion of time being circular.
The dawn of Capitalism required a new kind of time – one that was linear and directional. Time's arrow, it is sometimes called. You can’t really have a notion of progress with a circle. Hegel overcame this by talking of progress spiralling. There is still a kind of return, but on a new and higher level. Still, linear time gives a clearer notion of time as progress.
We don’t really think about progress anymore. It isn’t that things don’t change anymore, in fact, the opposite is the case. Change is omnipresent. So much so that it is like a kind of background hum we almost struggle to hear.
To capture this new universe, Bauman has come up with the idea of pointillist time. Pointillism is a technic of painting that grew out of impressionism. It involves creating a painting by applying dots of pure colour onto the canvas. From a distance these dots interact with each other to form an image – however, up close they are a chaos, dots one beside another, a kind of meaningless noise.
But this isn’t the only idea Bauman is seeking to bring to our attention here. Points are geometric absurdities, geometric abstractions. A point has no dimensions. No height, width, depth. Yet it is the fundamental idea of geometry. A point, then, is seen by Bauman as having infinite potential. He explains that ‘in the beginning’ the universe was a point and with the big bang it became something infinitely more.
Okay, so what have we got so far? We have images that are impossible to see the meaning of up close, but that are made up of points of infinite potential. We have a universe made from a point that went a bit crazy. The other bit to think about too is that the current view of the universe is that every point is teeming with energy and that even if you had a perfect vacuum you actually wouldn’t have a vacuum at all, as particles would ‘borrow’ energy from the space around them and pop themselves into and out of existence.
Every point seems to contain infinite potential, inexhaustible in what it can tell us. He says that the Sunday newspaper today probably has more information in it than your average 18th Century person would have come across in a lifetime. Even if that isn’t true, a quick glimpse at the Internet will show you the effective infinity of what one could know if we had infinite time. So, which bits are important and which bits can be safely ignored?
He tells the story of Corinne Bailey Rae – someone I’d never heard of before – who went platinum after a couple of weeks in the charts after being a nobody. Who would have known that this particular point in the universe was about to expand and become essential knowledge for a whole group of people more or les instantly? What is most interesting in this story is this bit:
‘My mum teaches in a primary school,’ Corinne told her interviewer, ‘and when she asks the kids what they want to be when they grow up, they say, “famous”. She asks them what for and they say, “Dunno, I just want to be famous.” ’
Bauman also makes the point that being consumers is a remarkably recent phenomena. Hard to imagine that there was a time when people wanted to be more than just consumers, admittedly. When you think about the metaphor behind consumption, the whole thing becomes quite unattractive. You know, fire consumes, TB consumes – it is a kind of laying waste. It is certainly a one-way process. But even this directionality is overlayed with the idea of pointillism. Capitalism, consumerism, seeks to reduce the distance from showroom to rubbish tip. And often we even celebrate products becoming waste - at last I can now get a new washing machine... The point is for you to be constantly anxious and constantly dissatisfied. Products are not really meant to satisfy your desires, but to constantly nearly satisfy them. Again we are back at the points in pointillist paintings. And we can never stand back far enough to see beyond these points of infinite potential to glimpse the bigger picture. For these points are also pointless. We are surrounded by so much information the effect is much the same as being surrounded by no information. Are earth tones in, or should I go with more vibrant colours? When I was a child we used to laugh at the idea of men wearing tights, now men get on pushbikes wearing lycra and talk about their PBs on their death rides. Like the atoms that pop into and out of existence, it is impossible to guess today what will be important or even here tomorrow.
We buy so much stuff as a way of expressing who we really are. A few years ago Microsoft had a series of ads with people saying, “I’m a PC”. It always seemed a bit strange to me – why people would want to pretend they were a machine? The Turing Test in reverse. But Bauman makes the point that to be a real subject in our society you have to first become a commodity. To be a subject you need to be able to buy the stuff that makes you real. To buy the stuff that expresses your true self (don’t worry, there are quite limited choices, and although they change all of them time, they come in strictly defined categories – people will let you know when you stuff up), To get this identity proving stuff you need to have money. To get money to be able to be a worthy subject you need to sell yourself – you need to be a commodity. To consume you must allow a large part of yourself to be likewise consumed. The part of your life where you are being consumed grows with time – soon, you will find you have nothing really in common with people so much as with ‘things’. You will buy things out of guilt for the people you live with because you have no time to spend with them and our society associates love with stuff. Then you might start resenting them as you only get to see them when you are tired. Anyway, they are ungrateful and infinitely obsessed with their own hand-held device – eternally scanning for the one piece of information that will turn from point to universe and help them make sense of it all.
As much as I gasp at the sheer brilliance of this man – his image of pointillist time is stunning – I can’t help coming away from reading his books feeling washed out and depressed. Still, I’ve started another of his and have yet another waiting by my bed.