Zapiski iz podtalja (1864) zaznamujejo prehod v drugo, zrelejše pisateljevo obdobje, ki se začne z njegovo vrnitvijo iz izgnanstva v Sibiriji. V povesti Dostojevski prvič v zgodovini ruske literature predstavi tip človeka, ki ga sam imenuje podtalni, in ki po njegovem mnenju predstavlja nov pojav v ruski družbi. Monolog podtalnega človeka je kritika zahodn(jašk)e filozofije, racionalizma, logocentrizma ter individualizma – kritika, ki jo pisatelj še razvije v svojih poznejših romanih. Publicistična forma tega literarnega dela pa avtorju omogoča tudi, da v njem polemizira z različnimi filozofskimi sistemi, družbenimi koncepti, antropološkimi teorijami in estetskimi nazori. Pričujoča knjiga vsebuje tudi dva krajša avtorjeva osebna zapisa iz istega obdobja, »Maša leži na parah« ter »Socializem in krščanstvo«, ki dopolnjujeta in še dodatno osvetljujeta avtorjevo misel.
Works, such as the novels Crime and Punishment (1866), The Idiot (1869), and The Brothers Karamazov (1880), of Russian writer Feodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky or Dostoevski combine religious mysticism with profound psychological insight.
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky composed short stories, essays, and journals. His literature explores humans in the troubled political, social, and spiritual atmospheres of 19th-century and engages with a variety of philosophies and themes. People most acclaimed his Demons(1872) .
Many literary critics rate him among the greatest authors of world literature and consider multiple books written by him to be highly influential masterpieces. They consider his Notes from Underground of the first existentialist literature. He is also well regarded as a philosopher and theologian.