This book is as advertised - a concise history of Singapore. That said, it does the first six hundred years in fourteen pages. So the subtitle should be something like "From English exploitation to thriving in the 21st century". If there is a central theme, it is that Singapore was not destined to become a powerful, independent city-state. Singapore’s location, lack of natural resources, and small size made it vulnerable, but that vulnerability has provided it the impetus to constantly adapt for fear of becoming economically irrelevant. This would mean a steep decline for the country and its people's standard of living. In working to stay essential in the world economy, the Singapore's ability to pivot in response to regional and global forces has central to its success.
This was a good introduction to Singapore. Having studied East Asian countries, I was still largely ignorant of Singapore's history and this helped remedy that. It also whet my appetite for more information, particularly on the political system and the economic changes in the last fifty years. Given the ambition of the book in trying to cover the last two hundred years in "A Very Brief History", it is not surprising I wanted more. My only real complaint is the writing. This was published before ChatGPT was made public, but it has a AI kind of feel to it in that it is full of cliches and very bland analysis. Still, I recommend it highly to anyone wanting an introduction to Singapore's history.
The longer story that I took out of it:
The island has been settled for at least eight hundred years. Its fortunes and population depended on the politics and relations of empires around it. When Raffles arrived to establish a British port in 1819, it had a relatively small population and was in danger of being destroyed early because of British-Dutch rivalries. But it soon became the lynchpin of the British Empire in the Asia. It's importance continued to grow until the Japanese conquest, which was surprisingly quick. British assumptions when designing Singapore's defenses were never realistic. For Winston Churchill, this was a catastrophe for the empire that he literally lost sleep over for years.
After the war, it soon became clear that the British could not keep control of the colony but did not want to give it up to other powers, particularly the Chinese. It's path to independence was twisty and included an ill-fated union with Malaysia, but after it gained its full independence in 1965, it demonstrated very strong governance. The People's Action Party (PAP), led by Lee Kwan Yew, had maneuvered its way into power as the British slowly handed over power. Unlike almost every other former colony, the government of Singapore became a technocratic success story. The PAP has kept control of Singapore for the last sixty years, but has lost individual elections. These are regarded as a referendum on it rule, so a bad election result (which still leaves the PAP in power) is a single to reevaluate its policies. This has led to a huge push for public housing, an education system that is the envy of the world and a thriving economy. Tan finishes by showing that despite Singapore's incredible success, it is still vulnerable to forces outside of its control, but given its track record for adaptation, he remains cautiously optimistic.