Julian McDougall's Media Studies: The Basics does its job to explain how to interpret media. McDougall begins the book with a brief history of media and some conceptual tools for interpreting media and tells you some different filters through which to interpret media. The different filters or approaches he calls 'discourses,' ways of talking about media. The three discourses are the following: All Powerful Media Discourse, Media Literacy Discourse, and Economic Discourse. All Powerful Media discourse studies the effects and influence of media. Media Literary Discourse studies some of the formal aspects of media--how does a given medium go about representing the information it does? What conventions does it use? Which genres. Etc. The Economic Discourse is about how you or anyone can train to get a job in media. What is required to work in media?
Just to give you an example of how I thought this was effective, in the section on the Media Literacy Discourse, they discuss the Auteur Theory, a theory by which you could analyze some media productions as being marked by their creator--like the films of Tarantino or Kurosawa, or the way in which a TV show producer uses the same kind of conventions. Very helpful for thinking about media.
I'll give you another example. Also in the section on media literacy was the distinction between 'diegetic' and 'non-diegetic' sound in media. Diegetic sound is when, for example, a radio is playing on a TV show. Non-diegetic is sound made around the medium, like a TV show's introductory song. And of course sometimes media use sounds that begin non-diegetic and then go diegetic, like the theme song turning into a song on the radio which a character on the show turns off.
Highly recommend the book, especially because it provides some much-needed terminology for talking about media.