Many of the authors herein are either Africans or live there. All do fieldwork there. The many essays allow not only a wide overview of development from c. 8000 BC to the present, but also some review chapters & in-depth studies. Contrary to common perception, it's intended that Africa's past should emerge as anything but a vast barren area, open to all extraneous influence, eager to welcome innovations & colonizers in order to be developed. Instead, the book aims to show that the continent emerges as the possessor of a complex interweaving of cultures, practising a diversity of economic & social strategies in a number of environments. In some areas, hunting & gathering was a successful adaptation. In some, pastoralism. In others, small agricultural communities. In still others, urbanism. Archeology has revealed enough of Africa's past to confound preconceptions. Africa's climate in the Holocene/ A.T. Grove The climatic & vegetational history of the equatorial regions of Africa during the upper Quaternary/ J. Maley The tropical African cereals/ Jack R. Harlan The spread of domestic animals in Africa/ Juliet Clutton-Brock Ethnographic & linguistic evidence for the prehistory of African ruminant livestock, horses & ponies/ Roger Blench Nilo-Saharans & the Saharo-Sudanese Neolithic/ Christopher Ehret Recent developments in African language classification & their implications for prehistory/ Roger Blench Linguistic evidence for the use of some tree & tuber food plants in Southern Nigeria/ Kay Williamson Examination of botanical remains from early neolithic houses at Nabta Playa, Western Desert, Egypt/ K. Wasylikowa et al. Foraging & farming in Egypt/ Wilma Wetterstrom The emergence of a food-producing economy in the Sahara/ A. Muzzolini Identifying early farming traditions of west Africa/ B. Andah The Kintampo complex/ James Anquandah Intensification in the west African Late Stone Age/ Ann B. Stahl Agriculture & settlement among the Tiv of Nigeria/ C.A. Folorunso & S.O. Ogundele Central Africa & the archeology of the equatorial rainforest/ Manfred K.H. Eggert Transition from Late Stone Age to Iron Age in the Sudano-Sahelian zone/ Augustin Holl The antiquity of cultivation & herding in Ethiopia/ David W. Phillipson The beginnings of food production in sw Kenya/ Peter Robertshaw The rise & fall of nomadic pastorialism in the central Namib desert/ John Kinahan The iron age peoples of east-central Botswana/ D. Kiyaga-Mulindwa Iron age settlement & subsistence patterns in southern Malawi/ Yusuf M. Juwayeyi A question of identities: an anthropological enquiry & a historical narrative/ Joseph O. Vogel A perspective on archeological research in Mozambique/ P.J.J. Sinclair et al. New evidence on early iron-smelting from se Nigeria/ Edwin Okafor Changing perspectives on traditional iron production in W Africa/ François J. Kense & John Ako Okoro Iron technology in the middle Sahel/Savanna/ I. Musa Muhammed Iron-making techniques in the Kivu region of Zaire/ N'Sanda Buleli Ancient iron-working in Madagascar/ C. Radimilahy The iron-using communities in Kenya/ H.O. Kiriama Metaphors & representations associated with precolonial iron-smelting in eastern & southern Africa/ D.P. Collett The magical production of iron in the Cameroon Grassfields/ M. Rowlands & J.-P. Warnier Town & village in ancient Egypt/ F.A. Hassan Urbanism in Bronze Age Egypt & northeast Africa/ D. O'Connor The land of Punt/ K.A. Kitchen State development & urbanism in northern Ethiopia/ S. Munro-Hay Cities without citadels/ S.K. McIntosh & R.J. McIntosh Urbanization & state formation in Ghana during the Iron Age/ J. Anquandah The salt industries of west Africa/ J. Alexander Trade & politics on the eastern littoral of Africa, 800-1300/ H.T. Wright Exploitation of marine resources/ M. Horton & N. Mudida Coast-interior settlements & social relations in the Kenya coastal hinterland/ G.H.O. Abungu & H.W. Mutoro Urban trajectories on the Zimbabwean plateau/ P.J.J. Sinclair et al. Settlement area & communication in African towns & cities/ R. Fletcher