This is Michael Winter’s first novel, and the third that I’ve read recently. There is a fourth on a shelf that I will get to next.
Winter is a Newfoundland novelist who centers his work in Newfoundland geography, culture, and history. "This All Happened" is about contemporary St. John’s. I think that it is what Newfoundlanders would call a “townie” novel. It is written by the protagonist as a year’s worth of daily diary entries, January 1 to December 31. The chapters are organized by month. The protagonist is a writer, like Winter, and the friends with whom he interacts and hangs around with are mostly, but not exclusively, artists of one sort or another. His plan for the year is to write a novel about the American painter, Rockwell Kent, who spent time in Newfoundland. "The Big Why" is Winter’s second novel, and it is about Rockwell Kent. "This All Happened" seems a bit autobiographical.
The protagonist, Gabriel English, has twin New Year’s resolutions: to decide on marrying his long time girl friend, Lydia, and to finish the novel that he has started working on. The twin resolutions are the thesis of the book, which, besides helping to organize the daily and monthly diary entries, come to naught: at the end of the year, the novel is nowhere near done, and Lydia and he have broken up.
Gabriel spends more time obsessing over Lydia than thinking about, planning, or writing his novel, so it is no surprise that the thesis fails, but those twin aims give the reader a way to make sense of his daily entries and pick up on what’s important to him. Although Gabriel English is the protagonist, Winter writes This All Happened as an ensemble cast: Gabriel English and the long time group of friends, family, neighbors, and others he sees and hangs out with regularly. The daily entries are mostly about events, observations, or relationships in various degrees of health or decline, but sometimes Gabriel will wax poetically about the world around him. Winter uses the same kind of ensembling of characters in his later novel, "Minister without Portfolio": a community with a longstanding and complicated history that can be traced through the memories of its members. The community is the thing. It always is in Newfoundland fiction. There is also a big, derpy old dog in this book, just like there is in Minister without Portfolio. Winter has something for big, derpy dogs.
Besides the focus on community, there is much in this novel that is marked with Newfoundland. Winter demonstrates a very particular knowledge of St. John’s geography, streets, and neighborhoods. Some time in the novel is spent in the outports–Heart’s Desire, in particular–but because this is an urban “townie” book the outports seem rather foreign places. Besides the daily entries and the monthly chapters, the book marks time by the seasons: snow, rain, fog, capelin, partridge berry, bakeapple. There are also plenty of references to moose, icebergs, and boil-ups. Although a more important theme in "Minister without Portfolio," the characters in "This All Happened" are very much DIY fixer-uppers. In the Newfoundland literature I’ve read, the DIY fixer-upper is one of the foundational character types.
This is a good book about a St. John’s artist who–within the familiarity of friends, city, and province–struggles to find his voice as a writer and figure out where his life is going in his mid-thirties.