The Final Theory: Rethinking Our Scientific Legacy

by Mark McCutcheon

The Final Theory shows how one simple principle in nature finally explains all of these mysteries and more. Enjoy reading simple explanations for the most perplexing problems in physics today - without having to be a science scholar. This easy-to-read book presents a wealth of answers to the many mysteries and complexities of modern-day science, while also tackling such further questions as: What actually is gravity and how does it work? Do all objects truly fall at the same rate? Is anti-gravity possible? Does the gravity of the moon hold unexpected surprises? Is the speed of light truly a limit, or is warp-speed a reality? Is faster-than-light communication possible? Is light truly a wave-particle entity, or is it something else entirely? What does Einstein's E = mc2 equation actually mean?

Genres: Science, Physics, Nonfiction

424 pages, Paperback

First published December 15, 2002

Reviews

[Bill Aztec · Rating 2 out of 5]

The author explains his theory that gravity is the acceleration caused by everything, at a molecular level, expanding at an accelerating pace. So gravity is simply the result of that acceleration. He then uses this basis to try to explain everything. When he got to why orbits work, I think his theory falls apart, although I may have just not followed hi logic. It is interesting to consider other possibilites.

[Jack Stewart · Rating 5 out of 5]

I read "The Final Theory" because I was up for the intellectual challenge of finding the flaws in a new theory that was apparently viable enough to make it to publication and even fairly popular reader acclaim on Amazon. But instead I found myself viewing the universe in an entirely new and unexpected way. I can now clearly see that there are obvious yet completely overlooked flaws in
today's science claims and theories - things that have actually bothered me deep down for years, which the book clearly exposes and corrects via this new "Expansion Theory" it presents. Such common phenomena as magnetism, electricity, and gravity are shown to actually be sizably unexplained and their causes unknown in current science, but finally scientifically explained by this new theory.

The new theory is surprisingly solid (I have a firm science background myself in engineering and computer science) and very thought-provoking. Yet, for such a sweeping rethink of our entire science paradigm, there is nothing terribly complex about it. Everything is pesented fairly simply, with many diagrams peppered throughout, and makes perfect sense.

I'd say it's well worth reading just for the way it will make you review all the laws and theories we've grown up with and just accepted as fact - some even for centuries - often simply because teachers and textbooks said so, exams required it to pass, and there was no viable alternative anyway. Agree or not, I'm sure you'll find this is no pseudoscience crank theory, like so much Internet fare out there these days. Either you will find yourself defending today's theories and claims amidst formidable ongoing challenges throughout the book, or you will find yourself increasingly seeing the universe and even the everyday world around you in a completely new light and understanding, as I now do. Either way its well worth the read!

If I'm allowed, I'd like to suggest checking it out in much more depth (along with other great book and idea recommendations), with free chapters, links to articles and much more at my Squidoo Lens:

Important and Influential Books and Ideas

[Weston Campbell · Rating 2 out of 5]

I've seen this book called a scam in reviews on other websites, and I will at least say that it is not that, as the ideas presented are far too thought-out to assume that the author is not sincere in his convictions. However, this expansiveness is ultimately the book's greatest failing, as the more McCutcheon's theory is fleshed out the clearer it becomes just how flawed and inadequate it actually is. While initially appealing in the way it seems to simplify theories of gravity, his efforts to respond to every potential counter argument only serve to highlight the superiority of established scientific principles in explaining the phenomena which he stretches to work into his own theory. There should be no debate that current theories of gravity are incomplete, if not fatally flawed, but McCutcheon does not have the solution, and the deeper one goes into his line of thinking the more wearisome and silly it becomes. The fact that his entire theory is predicated on scientists inability to prove the existence of (recently observed) gravitational waves doesn't help either.

[Andy Freeman · Rating 5 out of 5]

Where do I start? This book covers just about everything in science, from gravity to light to magnetism to orbital mechanics to relativity to quantum mechanics .. and on and on. It purports to be the now-infamous Theory Of Everything that science has been searching for in vain for centuries, so it covers a lot of ground, but in a very readable way even for amateur enthusiasts. Read the free first chapter online for yourself.

I can't say whether it is the final word on how our universe operates, as it claims, but it sure is eye-opening and very convincing! I had no idea just how tenuous even our most elementary scientific beliefs really are, and I never thought I could see so much from such a sweeping new perspective until I read this book -- had to read it to believe it!!

[Leif Anderson · Rating 1 out of 5]

Let's start off with the obvious: McCutcheon is a crackpot. The book contains enough basic math errors that I think we can safely conclude that his theories are incorrect. I bought this book for entertainment, and would sometimes have fun thumbing through it, but eventually it started to make me too mad, and it was no longer fun. I kept wanting to correct him around step two of a random line of reasoning, instead of being interested in where he ended up on step five. At that point in my life, this kind of thing was funny. However, after having seen more and more crazy facebook groups for flat earthers, anti-vaccine advocates, and general crazies, and even having had a couple exchanges with the flat earthers, this anti-science kind of stuff is no longer funny to me, and I cannot recommend that anyone buy this book.

[Gary · Rating 4 out of 5]

Interesting read. It offers an explanation for many questions I had on current "facts". Is it the final theory? That I can not say but it's good to know at least some folks aren't throwing a blind eye to questions that may fly in the face of theories held by a concensus of scientists.

[Maurice Williams · Rating 4 out of 5]

In this book, Mark McCutcheon points out what he sees as inconsistencies in the standard theories of cosmology, gravity, orbits, magnetism, etc. He thinks scientists still do not fully understand the four fundamental laws of nature proposed by the Standard Theory: gravity, electromagnetism, strong nuclear force, and weak nuclear force. He argues that Newton’s Gravitational Force is not compatible with the Law of Conservation of energy. Gravity holds planets in orbit for billions of years with no consumption of energy. Magnets cling to elevated surfaces against the pull of gravity also with no consumption of energy even though work was required to lift the magnet against the force of gravity in the first place. Newton’s gravity travels faster than the speed of light and instantaneously reaches to uttermost distances in the universe. McCutcheon made chapter one of “The Final Theory” available as a free download. I read it with interest. His criticism of the standard cosmological theories piqued my curiosity.

He claims that Newton’s explanation of how gravity holds planets in orbit was preceded by The Geometric Orbit Calculation, which provides for calculating the distance of orbiting objects if their speed was known. After accepting Newton’s description of gravity as a force, mass was arbitrarily introduced into the equation so that the mass of any orbiting object could be calculated. McCutcheon argues that the calculation is arbitrary and is not an accurate way to calculate mass. He thinks that this is one of the misconceptions generated from Newton’s law of gravity. He writes: “Though not recognized today, Newton’s gravitational force is a completely superfluous and redundant abstraction, both in theory and in practice.” I surfed The Internet and saw that “The Final Theory” has come under much criticism. Still interested, I got the book so I could read his arguments myself.

McCutcheon asks the reader to imagine the real world as being two-dimensional, and within that two-dimensional world, contemplate how a three-dimensional world might be visualized by people experiencing only two dimensions. We could not comprehend three-dimensional objects, but they would manifest themselves into our two-dimensional world. If all objects were conical, and we only see flat sections, then the flat sections we see would continuously grow bigger as the three-dimensional cones intersects into our two-dimensional world. It is equally difficult for us to imagine that objects we are familiar with in our three-dimensional world might somehow be our perceptions of objects from a four-dimensional world that project themselves into our three-dimensional view of reality.

McCutcheon’s proposes that the universe is four dimensional, the fourth dimension being outside normal experience, mysteriously beyond our normal three-dimensional comprehension. He argues that this fourth dimension is right here within our regular three-dimensional world. It exists even down to every atom. Atoms occupy the fourth dimension, which is completely foreign to us, with physics unlike anything in our atomic models today. It is the nature of this fourth dimension to continuously expand outward into our dimension, literally creating what we call atoms – but atoms that are continually expanding from this fourth dimension into our three-dimensional perception.

The space inside an atom is also different than the space outside an atom, almost like another unknown dimension. The rates of expansions in these two new dimensions are different, being much faster within the subatomic space within the atom. The internal expansion within the atom does not occur in space-as-we-know-it, and, therefore, does not consume space; instead, it merely supports the overall structure of the atom, which then defines space-as-we-know-it outside the atom. He claims that there is a big difference between the enormous subatomic expansion rate within the atom and the comparatively tiny expansion rate outside the atom. McCutcheon’s feels his new Expansion Theory, when used as a single overall theory can explain everything that previously required three theories (a mix of Newton’s gravity, relativity, and Quantum Mechanics) to explain.

My take on McCutcheon’s proposing a fourth dimension outside the atom and a fifth, much different, dimension within the atom is very hard to comprehend. I hope he has worked out his Expansion Theory mathematically and that the mathematics supports his position. What diminishes my acceptance of his arguments is that his new dimensions are not based on empirical observation – nobody has discovered them, measured them or described them. No experiment, I suppose, can prove that they exist. They seem to be purely intellectual theories that could possibly serve to give a single explanation to solve inconsistencies in the standard theories. Since the standard theories are backed up by mathematics, it would be interesting to see McCutcheon’s mathematical equations supporting his theory.

What I got out of McCutcheon’s arguments is “why does there have to be a Grand Unified Theory?” Maybe the human mind is incapable of fully understanding the inner workings of the universe. Some scientists like to argue that there is no God (McCutcheon doesn’t); but if God really exists and really created the universe, then, most likely, the human mind is incapable of fully understanding both God and how and why God created the universe. So I got something positive from McCutcheon’s book.

[Dextrous Fred · Rating 1 out of 5]

Please do not show this to a physicist. They will immediately find a flaw of basic logic on each and every page. I feel a little bad in castigating it so harshly, but this is exactly the type of pseudoscience that gives real science a bad name. I care about public education, outreach, and a healthy curiosity about the universe. This book claims to be able to supplant all of accepted, useful physics and build everything on a foundation of completely irrelevant hand-waving. I'm posting here because potential readers should know that this is not the book to help your aspiring young scientist see the world in a new way.

[Maegan · Rating 1 out of 5]

I think I got dumber after reading this. I feel bad for every other book I’ve given 1 star to.

McCutcheon begins by harshly critiquing modern science and Standard Theory; however, when it comes to presenting his own theory, McCutcheon fails completely to provide any evidence or math that proves his claims. In fact, he spends the book making his theory unprovable and unfalsifiable, which is antithetic to science.

The way this book is written is extremely grating:

“Newton overlooked....”
“Galileo didn’t realize....”
“Einstein didn’t follow it to its logical conclusion...”
“This is the proper “first law of motion” in our universe, replacing Newton’s erroneous First Law of absolute motion and non-expanding objects.”
“In such an imagined realm of now firmly discredited Newtonian absolute motion”.

*internal screaming*. His theory is assumed to be correct and he makes a lot of allowances for it despite never bothering to provide any evidence for it.

There is a lot of repeating in this book. McCutcheon repeats that GM arbitrarily replaces K in Newton’s orbit equation three times in a row. That’s never proven by the way. The author just assumes this is true, that Newton came up with an orbit equation first (or that the equation existed and was known but for some reason never written down) and combined it with the rock-and-string model to turn it into his Law of Universal Gravitation, but he never actually proves it. He later goes on to pat himself on the back for his equation for expanding objects giving the same result as Galileo’s acceleration equation despite the fact that Galileo’s equation was literally baked in to his equation, the very same thing he accuses Newton of!

McCutcheon criticizes Newton’s explanation of orbits, then explains orbits in expansion theory by dismissing Newton’s First Law of Motion (despite criticizing Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation for violating the Law of Conservation of Energy.) He’s perfectly happy to poach relativism from Einstein’s theory, despite repeatedly criticizing it for being too abstract, in his explanation for orbits. Which seems to be, that it’s relative to what you see, and that because Newton’s First Law is obviously false, in actual reality objects curve.

This theory has no predictive power. McCutcheon’s expansion theory predicts greater gravity then the moon has; instead of this falsifying his theory, McCutcheon suggests this proves the moon isn’t expanding from the center giving the near side less gravity. The problem is, the only way to tell if this is the case is to compare what the gravity should be with what it actually is, which functionally makes his equations useless. And this is despite admitting that satellites orbiting the moon measure the same gravity all around 🙄.

McCutcheon begins his book by critiquing Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation for violating the Law of Conservation of Energy; in chapter four he has this to say:

“If Expansion Theory is the correct explanation of nature, then today’s entire “energy paradigm” is incorrect. It must be one or the other; there can be no co-existence of the terms expansion and energy in the same universe.”
“In a universe of expanding matter it is nonsensical to ask what energy is driving the expansion, since it is the expansion that first exists, only later being misunderstood and misnamed “energy”.”

McCutcheon has now dismissed Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation, (parts of) Einstein’s Special and General Relativity, Strong and Weak Nuclear Force, Quantum Physics, Newton’s First Law of Motion, and all laws or theories pertaining to energy.

Subatomic expansion is higher than atomic expansion, yet that’s a paradox, therefore inside the atom must be ???. Electrons drive the expansion of the atom, so different atoms should expand to different sizes, but they don’t, therefore inside the atom must be ???. The evidence we have for this, like everything else in this theory, is that this must be the case otherwise the theory would be false (which is not possible.)

The Second Law of Thermodynamics is also dismissed because

“And objects actually do heat up in our universe just as often as they cool down since prior heating is a requirement for every object that cools. Similarly, batteries do charge up in our universe since prior charging is a requirement before any battery can drain.”

And then

“In some of these examples, deliberate human effort is expended to increase the energy or order of a system, and in some cases not, but these are all still examples of the spontaneous dynamics of expanding matter in our universe. Even human-driven heating, charging, or repair are still spontaneous expansion-driven events in the grand scheme of things since we owe the very existence and operation of our bodies and minds to the ongoing dynamics of expanding matter.”

🤦‍♀️ I think this guy might be trolling at this point. Maybe he didn’t expect anyone to actually make it this far.

There’s a lot of stuff I haven’t addressed (i.e. electrons switching from subatomic to atomic to back again to explain charge, bouncing balls and trampolines being “a complete energy-for-free mystery”, etc.) I also haven’t specifically addressed the science or math; you honestly don’t need to have a deep understanding of either to see that there are massive logical flaws in this book and with McCutcheon’s theory, by his own admission.

[Mark Barton · Rating 1 out of 5]

Crackpot pseudoscience for the scientifically illiterate!

[DAVID MARTIN · Rating 5 out of 5]

A game changer

If expanding Theory is not the final Theory what is??? If you are truly looking for the truth look no further than "The Final Theory"

[David Filmer · Rating 5 out of 5]

A thought provoking theory some aspects of which could be verified by experimental evidence.

I would like to suggest one simple one to the Author, but can't locate his e-mail address

[Chrissy · Rating 5 out of 5]

There are obvious flaws in our current popular theories of gravity. McCutcheon submits a straight forward theory for what gravity actually is. It will blow your mind!