Mandler advances a constructivist view of emotion that involves (1) cognitive interpretation of stimuli (both internal and external), and (2) perception of the autonomic arousal. The latter occurs as a result of perceived interruption or discrepancy. Claiming that emotional experiences require the conscious recognition of interruption (or cognitive perturbation in the neo-Piagetian sense) does not explain emotions such as excitement. This aside, the book was thought-provoking.