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Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (Vinci, 15 aprile 1452 – Amboise, 2 maggio 1519) è stato un pittore, ingegnere e scienziato italiano. Uomo d'ingegno e talento universale del Rinascimento, incarnò in pieno lo spirito della sua epoca, portandolo alle maggiori forme di espressione nei più disparati campi dell'arte e della conoscenza. Si occupò di architettura e scultura, fu disegnatore, trattatista, scenografo, anatomista, musicista e, in generale, progettista e inventore. È considerato uno dei più grandi geni dell'umanità.

296 pages, Paperback

Published January 1, 1974

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Leonardo da Vinci

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It was on April 15, 1452, that Leonardo was born in the town of Vinci, Republic of Florence, in what is now in Italy, the illegitimate son of a notary and a barmaid. It is from his birthplace that he is known as Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo seemed to master every subject to which he turned his attention: he was a painter, draftsman, sculptor, architect, and engineer, wrote poetry and stories: the prototype Renaissance man!

His Last Supper (1495-97) and Mona Lisa (La Gioconda, 1503-06) are among the most popular paintings from the Renaissance. He and his rival Michelangelo did great service to the medical arts by accurate paintings of dissections, which were only occasionally allowed by the Church. Yet, his artistry appeared to be an afterthought, as he frequently left his works unfinished, and only about fifteen of his paintings survive. His notebooks reveal that he was centuries ahead of his time in mechanics and physic, fortifications, bridges, weapons, and river diversions to flood the enemy, which aided Italian city-states in their many wars.

Leonardo was an early evolutionist regarding fossils. Through his careful observations he noted that “if the shells had been carried by the muddy deluge they would have been mixed up, and separated from each other amidst the mud, and not in regular steps and layers — as we see them now in our time.” Leonardo reasoned that what is now dry land, where these aquatic fossils were found, must once have been covered by seawater.

He was for a short time accused of homosexuality: there is no evidence Leonardo had any sexual interest in women. As he wrote in his notebooks, “The act of procreation and anything that has any relation to it is so disgusting that human beings would soon die out if there were no pretty faces and sensuous dispositions.”

And what of his religion? It is significant that at the end of his life he felt he had much spiritual negligence to atone for. His first biographer, Giorgio Vasari, wrote in 1550:

"Finally, …feeling himself near to death, [he] asked to have himself diligently informed of the teaching of the Catholic faith, and of the good way and holy Christian religion; and then, with many moans, he confessed and was penitent; and … was pleased to take devoutly the most holy Sacrament, out of his bed. The King, who was wont often and lovingly to visit him, then came into the room; wherefore he, out of reverence … showed withal how much he had offended God and mankind in not having worked at his art as he should have done."

There was much skepticism in Renaissance Italy at the time, and Leonardo was an intellectual genius, not just an artistic genius. While there was great intellectual freedom during the Italian Renaissance, there were limits as long as the Dominicans, the “Hounds of the Lord,” were active. This semblance of a deathbed conversion, by so critical a thinker and so great a genius as Leonardo, who would have nothing to lose by professing piety all his life, can only mean that during his prime years he was a secret freethinker.

Leonardo died quietly on the 2 of May, 1519, a few weeks following his 67th birthday.

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Displaying 1 - 3 of 3 reviews
Profile Image for miha.
12 reviews
January 6, 2017
A delicious gathering of fables, tales and anecdotes animated by real or fantastic animals, but also by fire, water and other non-living characters, proof that Leonardo da Vinci could easily juggle his observations both on scientific and literary fields.
Profile Image for Valeriu Gherghel.
Author 6 books2,081 followers
September 6, 2023
Titlul traducerii e amăgitor. În deosebire de Michelangelo, care a compus mai bine de 300 de sonete, Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) n-a avut cine știe ce preocupări literare. Nici vocație. Cunoștințele lui filologice erau modeste. Nu cunoștea prea bine limba latină (a încercat s-o învețe de unul singur, cînd împlinise deja 35 de ani) și nu putea citi operele Antichității: mă gîndesc, în principal, la poeți. A fost complexat de puțina lui știință de carte și invidios pe cei care au avut norocul de a studia în universități. Se prezenta, ironic, desigur, ca un „omo sanza lettere” (sic!). Specialiștii au găsit că dialectul italian în care nota în caiete (il volgare) e destul de aproximativ. Scria greșit unele cuvinte (cum s-ar zice, nu era stăpîn pe ortografie), făcea dezacorduri de gen și număr etc.

Ceea ce-l deosebește de toți ceilalți e curiozitatea. Aviditatea de a cunoaște cît mai mult și cît mai multe uimește și astăzi. Noi prețuim specializarea, interesul nostru e strîmt, viziunea îngustă. Leonardo părea interesat de orice. Cu siguranță, nu a citit multe cărți. Prin comparație cu Pico della Mirandola, a cărui bibliotecă depășea o mie de volume, Leonardo pare un ignorant. În codicele de la Madrid (două „caiete” descoperite în 1967), își face o listă de 116 cărți. Nu a avut niciodată în bibliotecă mai mult de 200 de volume. Pico avea 1109 (în ebraică, greacă și latină).

Fragmentele traduse de Drimba (din antologia bilingvă a lui Jean-Paul Richter, The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci) sînt fabule și fragmente din bestiar. Leonardo preferă fabulele care arată pericolul de a te încrede prea ușor în aparențe și greșeala (întotdeauna fatală) de a fi arogant. Bestiarul prezintă și cîteva făpturi închipuite (calandrinonul, aspida, vasiliscul). Un exemplu:
Ihneumonul. Această lighioană este dușmanul de moarte al aspidei. Trăiește în Egipt, și cînd vede în apropierea cuibului său o aspidă, numaidecît aleargă în mocirla Nilului și se înnămolește tot cu noroi; apoi, după ce se usucă la soare, din nou se înnămolește. Și tot așa uscîndu-se la soare de cîteva ori, își face din noroi trei sau patru veșminte asemenea unei platoșe; apoi pornește să atace aspida, luptîndu-se cu ea cu multă înverșunare; iar cînd se ivește clipa potrivită, numaidecît o înhață și o înghite” (p.93).

P. S. Jean-Paul Richter (1847 - 1937) nu trebuie confundat cu Johann Paul Friedrich Richter (pseudonim Jean Paul, 1763 –1825). Primul a fost un istoric de artă, al doilea un prozator romantic. Nu se înrudesc.
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