**spoilers!! please beware**
Published in August 2017, the adult literary novel, "New People," by the acclaimed author Danzy Senna, has been lauded with rave reviews and recognition, including being named by Time magazine as one of the Top Ten Novels of 2017. This novel is meant to be a darkly comedic examination of a biracial woman's frustrating search for racial identity in 1990s Brooklyn, New York.
I appreciate that this book deals with microaggressions and their impacts. I appreciate that the author's own experience as a biracial woman informed parts of this novel.
But I found this book completely nihilistic. The plot is structured around a false equivalency that I found entirely problematic. The prose is not even enjoyable on its own, it's simply adequate writing that delivers a punishing and hopeless story. The novel excoriates microaggressions against black people, but then the prose commits microaggressions against other marginalized groups, such as the Roma. I do not recommend this novel to anyone, and I find myself deeply appalled by this book.
The main character of "New People," a young woman in her mid-twenties named Maria, is described as "a one-dropper, that peculiarly American creation, white in all outward appearances but black for generations on paper" (page 89).
Maria was born to a black mother but looks entirely white, and she has grown up suffering from "'that particular rage of the light-skinned individual'" (page 31). As a baby, Maria was adopted by a black woman named Gloria, who died at age 49 while trying to complete her dissertation for a PhD. In the story, it's clear that Maria suffers trauma from being an adopted child. She suffered additional hardships from being poor while her adoptive mother was in graduate school while Maria was growing up, and Maria is still grieving Gloria's death when the novel begins. The novel's primary focus, however, is on Maria's racial trauma as a one-dropper in modern America.
As a result of being black on paper but white in appearance, Maria grew up "hating" white people (page 31). "She felt she was allergic to them. She looked a lot like one of them, which made her understand how much they were getting away with every day of their lives. She flinched in white people's presence" (page 31).
It's clear that some of Maria's mistrust of white people came from Gloria. "When she was just a kid, Gloria told her never to trust a group of happy, smiling multiracial people. Never trust races when they get along, she said. If you see different races of people just standing around, smiling at one another, run for the hills, kid. Take cover. They'll break your heart" (page 29).
As an adult woman who is now in graduate school when the novel begins, Maria is studying the music of the Peoples Temple Choir of Jonestown, the infamous cult led by Jim Jones that committed mass suicide in Guyana, South America, in 1978. A total of 918 people died after drinking poisoned Kool-Aid in what came to be known as the Jonestown Massacre. Since Jim Jones began his preaching career in Indiana on the tenets of racial equality and social justice, the specter of Jonestown looms large in this novel, both in plot details for Maria as well as in overall thematic content. The tragedy of the Jonestown Massacre serves to uphold Gloria's dark view of life: that if you see different races of people just standing around, smiling at one another, run for the hills. If the people of Jonestown had only taken that advice, they wouldn't have died committing mass suicide in 1978.
Reading "New People" felt like reading "The Autobiography of Malcolm X," if Malcolm X had never taken that trip to Mecca and had continued his virulent hatred of the White Devil (i.e. all white people) until the day of his death. Fortunately for Malcolm X, he learned to question his racial prejudice and his hatred, and his autobiography was much richer for it. Maria, however, is full of extremely self-destructive self-loathing and self-hatred up until the end of the book. At one point she even admits this aloud to herself, when she tells her own reflection in the mirror, "I hate you" (page 162). The novel ends with Maria being consumed by her own self-destruction. After breaking and entering into a man's apartment, a man she has developed an unrequited and completely unhinged obsession for, she lies under his bed until morning, when her presence will be discovered by the man and his lover in the full light of day.
Other reviewers have noted that Maria seems sociopathic or deranged in her level of anger, aggression, and violence toward others in this novel. Twice, she breaks into a man's apartment, as well as another woman's apartment, she shakes a small baby in rage, she hits an ice skater in the head with an ice skate as a child, and as an undergrad college student, Maria called her own black boyfriend's campus phone pretending to be a white fraternity student, and left this message for him: "Me and the brothers, we're coming for you. We're gonna string you up by a fucking dreadlock, man, and light you on fire. Nigger boy." The entire university took the threat seriously, and responded as such, all while Maria never admits that *she* left the message. The entire event is played for dark humor in the book, treating her hate crime as silly, the situation as silly, and the university's response as silly.
If you are someone who believes the delightful myth that "college education cures prejudice" and that "we don't have white nationalists or Neo Nazis on modern college campuses," you will particularly enjoy this section of the book. Personally, I know too much about the presence and recruitment strategies of the alt-right on college campuses in America to find any of the novel's trivializing treatment toward Maria's "mock-up hate crime" funny.
The alt-right and the Neo Nazi terrorist groups of the alt-right are no joke. These people *do* make death threats and kill marginalized people. Seeing a black biracial main character mimic the alt-right for laughs in this book made me *really* upset. I would never give this book to any of my black friends to read. I found two black women readers online who posted YouTube reviews for this novel, and I wasn't surprised to hear that they both one-starred this book. I'm not saying every black or biracial person would dislike this novel, but as a white person myself, I certainly wouldn't recommend it to them.
Maria's entire narrative serves to draw a false equivalency between the Jonestown cult and the horrifying practices of Jim Jones, with the culture of modern America and its pressure to conform, which has taught Maria to be self-hating and self-destructive. The novel does not use the language of bell hooks to discuss the culture of modern America, but the ethos of the white supremacist capitalist patriarchy is always present in this narrative, as the dominant culture that Maria rages against.
So I would just like to say, emphatically, that popular culture, as well as Maria's upper-middle class life as a graduate student in modern America, is NOT the same as living in a cult. Especially not the Jonestown cult. I resent this book mightily for creating a narrative structure that compares these two things directly. Modern America is a white supremacist capitalist patriarchy, but it also embraces social justice movements that aren't simply lies, social justice movements that are inspired and organized by people who are 100% the opposite of Jim Jones and his victims. Maria's America of 1996 was also the America of Gloria Watkins/bell hooks, Dolores Huerta, and too many other badass people to name. Life in modern America can be overwhelming and sh*tty, but there are plenty of people who live here who aren't drinking poisoned Kool-Aid, and no one is forcing them to drink any, either.
Before I close, here are some examples of problematic exposition in this book.
After Maria receives a perm at a hair salon and a Brazilian bikini wax, the text states: "She rides the subway all dressed up in her outfit, her vagina bald and her head hair curly" (page 151). For the record: women don't wax their "vaginas." They wax their external genitalia, and the word for that is "vulva." The word vulva encompasses: the labia, clitoris, vaginal opening, and the opening to the urethra. When I read literary fiction in the voice of a third person narrator, a third person that sometimes reads as close third and sometimes as omniscient, then I want the words to be the right words. Literary prose does not sound edgy and smart when it's wrong. Honestly, the prose in this book read as lazy and dull, and sentences like this one did not help.
On page 153, the text relates the hardship of Maria's life as a child while Gloria was in graduate school. "Maria looked poor too [like Gloria]. She was only seven at the time, but in photos she had the look of one of the Roma you see on the streets of Paris. Her hair was always tangled, her pants too short, a perpetual stain of dirt and lollipop juice around the rim of her mouth." This appearance is also described as the look of "poverty" in the text (page 152).
This is one of those places of microaggressions committed in the text by its omniscient third person narrative voice. Reading those sentences, in a book that is taking a clear-eyed stance against microaggressions, just fills me with rage. If those sentences don't immediately sound racist, let me make this comparison: replace the word "Roma" with "Navajo," and the words "streets of Paris" with "reservation." Many avid readers of literary fiction in America would immediately know that categorizing "all Navajo people" as dirty and poor would BE RACIST. Because it's RACIST. But in 2018, I can read an award-winning novel with racist Roma content like this, and it's given a pass.
The text quoted above goes on to say this: "Harvard notwithstanding, she [Maria] lived like any other poor child on a steady diet of hot dogs and ramen noodles. She lived in a cement tower that looked -- if you blurred your eyes just right -- like any other housing project" (page 153).
This is classist on a number of levels, but I'll give two main reasons. First off: Maria has food. SHE HAS FOOD. Second: she has a place to live. SHE IS NOT HOMELESS. Maria and Gloria are never homeless. If you think that "any other poor child" in America means food and shelter is a given like this, then I would suggest reading Matthew Desmond's Pulitzer-winning nonfiction book, "Evicted: Poverty and Profit in the American City" for a much-needed wake-up call. I suggest "Evicted" because it deals with urban poverty and is more applicable to Maria's situation than a book about rural poverty.
There were many other instances of class privilege and clueless classism in this novel, and they upset me as much as anything else in this book.
I don't know why books like this win awards, or arrive on "best of the year" lists. "New People" makes me despair.
One star. Not recommended.