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96 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 2008
No conflict in recent past provides a more illuminating study for the US Army than the 2006 Hezbollah-Israeli war. After years of conducting successful counterinsurgency operations against the Palestinians, the Israeli military encountered substantial problems in shifting focus to major combat operations against Hezbollah.... Implications for the US Army in this area should prove enlightening.Indeed, the parallels between the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) and the US Army are clear. However, Matthews misses the mark on this effort by focusing upon the IDF's adoption of Effects-Based Operations (EBO) doctrines and an initial reliance upon airpower in this conflict. Matthews' ignoring the apparent facts of the war either highlights his dim strategic view of the conflict or favors an intellectually dishonest lesson for his readers. While Matthews mentions other significant "contributing factors" he immediately disparages their relative importance: first, that the IDF had poorly resourced and trained its conventional ground forces during its counterinsurgency campaigns in the years prior to 2006; second, that there was little political will to suffer Israeli casualties; and finally, the lack of a clearly identified military strategy. According to Matthews these are relatively minor problems relative to EBO and airpower.
[Matthews'] research convincingly argues that the Israeli reliance on poorly understood and controversial Effects-Based Operations (EBO) and Systemic Operational Design (SOD) warfighting theories, and a nearly singular dependence on air power, were root causes of Israeli problems.Placing Matthews' apparent airpower schadenfreude aside, the message is clear: don't worry about not having a coherent military strategy US Army, if you discard EBO then you have grasped the salient lesson of Israel's Second Lebanon War!
The lackluster performance of the IDF in the 2006 Hezbollah-Israeli war was the result of a multiplicity of factors.... [the Chief of the IDF General Staff's] steadfast confidence in air power, coupled with his disdain for land warfare, increased the strength of the IAF at the expense of the ground forces.Henriksen also highlights significant shortfalls in Matthews research. Despite his "comprehensive examination," Matthews missed significant points from another significant report by Avi Kober titled The Israel Defense Forces in the Second Lebanon War: Why the Poor Performance? Kober's report, amongst other things, highlights the Israeli Air Force's (IAF) admission of limited capacity to hunt down and destroy Hezbollah's katyusha rocket batteries. Most significantly, Kober's report also highlights the significant strategic shortfalls from the political leadership in the 2006 Israel-Hezbollah conflict. This absence of strategic context is ultimately the crux of Henriksen's critique of both Matthews and subsequently Mattis.
Debating EBO without acknowledging the more general challenges of strategic thinking the wars portrayed by General Mattis and others as empirical evidence of the flaws of that concept is somewhat intellectually dishonest and analytically misguided.Mattis' guidance saw fit to make EBO verboten in joint doctrine. But effects-based operations in some form is still alive and well throughout the United States military combatant commands. This is especially true in the intelligence, targeting, and future plans areas of the combatant commands. Ironically, Mattis' own Central Command, as recently as his departure as its commanding general in March of 2013, was highly enamored with the processes of EBO, specifically "effects-based targeting," and prudently would not finalize operational planning decisions without significant "modeling" and "predictive analysis." The key difference was that Mattis was certain to provide guidance when possible in addition to EBO, a detail that might have been lost upon Matthews if We Were Caught Unprepared is any indication.