Charles Robert Darwin of Britain revolutionized the study of biology with his theory, based on natural selection; his most famous works include On the Origin of Species (1859) and The Descent of Man (1871).
Chiefly Asa Gray of America advocated his theories.
Charles Robert Darwin, an eminent English collector and geologist, proposed and provided scientific evidence of common ancestors for all life over time through the process that he called. The scientific community and the public in his lifetime accepted the facts that occur and then in the 1930s widely came to see the primary explanation of the process that now forms modernity. In modified form, the foundational scientific discovery of Darwin provides a unifying logical explanation for the diversity of life.
Darwin developed his interest in history and medicine at Edinburgh University and then theology at Cambridge. His five-year voyage on the Beagle established him as a geologist, whose observations and supported uniformitarian ideas of Charles Lyell, and publication of his journal made him as a popular author. Darwin collected wildlife and fossils on the voyage, but their geographical distribution puzzled him, who investigated the transmutation and conceived idea in 1838. He discussed his ideas but needed time for extensive research despite priority of geology. He wrote in 1858, when Alfred Russel Wallace sent him an essay, which described the same idea, prompting immediate joint publication.
His book of 1859 commonly established the dominant scientific explanation of diversification in nature. He examined human sexuality in Selection in Relation to Sex, and The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals followed. A series of books published his research on plants, and he finally examined effect of earthworms on soil.
A state funeral recognized Darwin in recognition of preeminence and only four other non-royal personages of the United Kingdom of the 19th century; people buried his body in Westminster abbey, close to those of John Herschel and Isaac Newton.
This book is all at once (i) a short biography (and autobiography) of Charles Darwin, (ii) an explanation of his achievements that stretch beyond his ground-breaking work on evolution, and (iii) an historical perspective of science before, during, and after Darwin's time and the many (often colourful) characters that inhabited that world.
Both writers, Darwin himself, and George Gaylord Simpson, have clear, articulate styles of explanation of often-times complex ideas, data, analysis, and conclusions. It's also an intriguing insight into the generation of breakthrough ideas.
Any writer - any scientific writer, for example, or anyone whose writing requires him or her to be exceptionally clear and unambiguous - would benefit from reading this book purely in stylistic terms. Simpson, particularly, does an excellent job of further reducing complex phenomena to a clarity accessible to pretty much any reader, and the historical perspective he gives to the book, particularly in terms of the many other characters involved, is pleasurable to read.
This is - or appears to be - a little-known book and is, pesumably, now out of print. What a shame.