Benjamin A. Elman is Gordon Wu '58 Professor of Chinese Studies, Princeton University. His teaching and research fields include Chinese intellectual and cultural history, history of science and history of education in late imperial China.
Elman traces the origins and development of kaozhengxue in Qing China -- the rise of philology and textual studies which challenged the orthodox Cheng-Zhu Lixue system of the Song and Ming. He notes that it began with the rise of printing, both cheap and available, in the late Ming. The shock of of the Ming debacle and fall also spurred the development and reaction against the Zhu Xi system of moralism into more precise philological studies of Han transmissions of texts.