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176 pages, Paperback
Published October 24, 2017
This is a history of ideas about how parents pass characteristics on to their offspring. But it is not a conventional account that focuses just on scientific discoveries. A book that looked only at the moments when someone learned something true about heredity would devote maybe a couple of pages to the thousands of years prior to ad 1800 and the remaining hundred to the last two centuries alone. This is because nearly everything said on the subject of inheritance until very recently was incorrect. The biological mechanisms that bring about hereditary transmission are so dizzyingly complicated that they could not possibly be worked out until the modern age of high-tech, big-budget science.The first half of the book covers the early incorrect stuff, from ~2500 BCE to the year 1800. The second half covers what happened when scientists began figuring it out.
If your belief in equal rights and opportunities for all – and against racism, sexism and other kinds of discrimination – is based on there being no biological differences between people, then you’ll find it very hard to know what to do if clear evidence of biological differences actually appears.Singer was either charitable or naive, since nobody who encountered an inconvenient fact ever had trouble knowing what to do. Biology is a sufficiently complex topic that it provides infinite opportunities for obfuscation. Nobody questions the fact that the environment matters; starve a growing child and he won't grow as tall as he would with adequate nutrition. But this fact is not mutually exclusive with genes also mattering. No amount of food causes an average child to top out at seven feet. However, it's easy for anti-heritarians to promote this false dichotomy.