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INTEGRAL HUMANISM: AN ANALYSIS OF SOME BASIC ELEMENTS
Though, childhood of Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya was spent in dire circumstances, yet he was masked as a talented student when Indian struggle for independence was engulfed by two nation theory. 1942 he started his public life via Rashtriya Swayam Sewaksangh. He was an astute organiser, man of letters, a journalist and an orator. He supplemented his work of R.S.S. through his skills.
He joined politics when Bharatiya Jana Sangh was established as a political party under the presidentship of Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee. He started Kashmir movement, independence of Goa movement and movement against transferring of Berubari and thus kept these issues alive in Indian politics to strengthen unity and integrity of India. He devoted whole of his life for the integration of India.
India needed a strong opposition party and Bharatiya Jana Sangh emerged as a powerful opposition. He made extensive preparation for making this opposition party as an alternative to the ruling party.
An alternative was needed not only of the old system but of the old ideologies too. He gave a call for ‘Integral Humanism’, ‘Cultural Nationalism’ and ‘Indianisation’. He remained General Secretary of Bharatiya Jana Sangh from 1951 to 1967 and was made president of the party in 1968, shortly before his gruesome murder. The political party he nurtured became the political alternative in the form of Bharatiya Janata Party.
He joined politics when Bharatiya Jana Sangh was established as a political party under the presidentship of Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee. He started Kashmir movement, independence of Goa movement and movement against transferring of Berubari and thus kept these issues alive in Indian politics to strengthen unity and integrity of India. He devoted whole of his life for the integration of India.
India needed a strong opposition party and Bharatiya Jana Sangh emerged as a powerful opposition. He made extensive preparation for making this opposition party as an alternative to the ruling party.
An alternative was needed not only of the old system but of the old ideologies too. He gave a call for ‘Integral Humanism’, ‘Cultural Nationalism’ and ‘Indianisation’. He remained General Secretary of Bharatiya Jana Sangh from 1951 to 1967 and was made president of the party in 1968, shortly before his gruesome murder. The political party he nurtured became the political alternative in the form of Bharatiya Janata Party.
144 pages, Kindle Edition
First published January 1, 1964
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Displaying 1 - 18 of 18 reviews
March 24, 2020
Really interesting book. I am glad i read it. Deendayal Upadhyay was indeed a great thinker. This book is for Indian aspect of Humanism. Its an insightful take on various isms and discussion on what would fit for us is really good.
Integral humanism, coined by Deendayal Upadhyaya, means that the human being is at the core position of the social, political and economic model. It is opposed to both Western liberalism and Marxian socialism which it views as materialistic ideologies incapable of dealing with native problems. It believes that the four aims (Purusharthas) of human being are Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha. Integral humanism consider that materialist advocate only Artha and Kama negating the other two. Integral humanist believe that all the three alms i.e Dharma, Artha and Kaama are essential to achieve liberation or Moksha.
He's clarion call was 'modernization not westernization', and he thought modern technology should be adopted to suit Indian requirements rather than imported as foreign ideas to clumsily grafted on. For example, as V.S. Naipaul noted, India used to build cool, shady houses designed to cope elegantly with tropical heat, Now it threw up stuffy concrete boxes, with air conditioners bolted on that spewed noxious vapours into the environment. There had to be a better way, both for houses and the economy.
I will look for more his books to know the depth.
Integral humanism, coined by Deendayal Upadhyaya, means that the human being is at the core position of the social, political and economic model. It is opposed to both Western liberalism and Marxian socialism which it views as materialistic ideologies incapable of dealing with native problems. It believes that the four aims (Purusharthas) of human being are Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha. Integral humanism consider that materialist advocate only Artha and Kama negating the other two. Integral humanist believe that all the three alms i.e Dharma, Artha and Kaama are essential to achieve liberation or Moksha.
He's clarion call was 'modernization not westernization', and he thought modern technology should be adopted to suit Indian requirements rather than imported as foreign ideas to clumsily grafted on. For example, as V.S. Naipaul noted, India used to build cool, shady houses designed to cope elegantly with tropical heat, Now it threw up stuffy concrete boxes, with air conditioners bolted on that spewed noxious vapours into the environment. There had to be a better way, both for houses and the economy.
I will look for more his books to know the depth.
September 23, 2019
After almost 7 decades of centrist rule in India, currently, the right-leaning party is at the helm of reign with full majority. The leaders of BJP have definitely managed to capture the imaginations of aspiring middle class of India, claiming their vision as the right and only approach to take India on the path of prosperity and being the global super power in twenty first century.
Hence, it is high time for me to understand the vision of their ideologues who the leaders hold very highly and try to give sort of competitive edge by belittling the previously held visionaries of the left. Having been confused by reading Savarkar's Hindutva which, though provided his idea of Indian identity (and more precisely a division), failed to give any clear vision or course of action, I turned to DeenDayal Upadhay, who our current prime minister mentions, on drop of a hat, as his philosophical guru and guide.
It is hard to find books by the Right Wing ideologues, for obvious reasons (you can see how less read those are in Goodreads). Somehow, I managed to get my hands on the most important book by DeenDayalji which introduces a novel concept of 'Integral Humanism', that the leaders of BJP quote as their basic ideological principle.
First of all, by the term 'Integral Humanism', I had assumed this could be some kind of philosophy that would talk about physical, intellectual and spiritual growth of a man exploring his/her ethical and humane aspects. No, it is not that. With 'Integral Humanism', DeenDayal tries to draw parallel between the societal development with a man's wholesome growth. My inference is that DeenDayal here tries to reject the reductionist approach and embrace the holistic approach of philosophy.
The lectures were given in 1965, a good 18 years after India's independence and several months after the death of Nehru. It is evident from various arguments that, like most fellow right-wing ideologues, DeenDayal was no fan of western thoughts. He emphasizes that the basic cause of the problems facing Bharat is the neglect of its national identity…..We had taken pride in resisting things British while they ruled us, but strangely enough, now that the Britishers have left, westernisation has become synonymous with progress. Western science is universal and must be absorbed by us if we wish to go forward, the same is not true about the western way of life and values.
Then, Deen Dayal analyzes the conflicting nature of different socio-political ideologies of Europe. Nationalism, democracy, socialism or equality (equality is there at the root of socialism; equality is different from equability), these three doctrines have dominated European social political thinking. ………. World unity and Nationalism conflict with each other. Democracy grants individual liberty but the same is used by capitalist system for exploitation and monopoly. Socialism was brought in to end exploitation but it eliminated the freedom and dignity of the individual.
And hence, we can't adopt these western ideas in toto. We need to take the approach of Bharatiya Culture and the first characteristic of Bharatiya culture is that it looks upon life as an integrated whole. Unity in diversity and the expression of unity in various forms has remained the central thought of Bharatiya culture.
Body, mind, intelligence and the soul - these four make up an individual. But these are integrated to give the identity and meaning to existence of man. The longings for Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha, are inborn in man. Moksha has been considered the highest of these purusharthas, [but] efforts for Moksha alone are not considered to give benefit to the soul. Artha includes what is known as political and economic policies. Dharma" defines a set of rules to regulate the social activity. Kama, the materialistic and sensual pleasures, too can be attained only through Dharma. So all are required for the integrated being. Similarly, societal progress could be achieved through integrating various cultural, political and economic thoughts and institutions.
After laying down the principles of his vision, Deen Dayal puts forward his course of action, in the socio-economic development of India. He rejects the capitalist models of over-consumption and over-production to meet capitalistic ambition, but promotes more socialistic approach of free education and free medical treatment, guarantee of work.
Both capitalist as well as communist, have failed to take account of the Integral Man, his true and complete personality and his aspirations. One considers him a mere selfish being lingering after money, having only one law, the law of fierce competition, in essence the law of the jungle; whereas the other has viewed him as a feeble lifeless cog in the whole scheme of things, regulated by rigid rules, and incapable of any good unless directed. The centralization of power, economic and political, is implied in both. Both, therefore, result in dehumanization of man. .. For a wholesome value of man, -This is possible only through a decentralized economy. …"Swadeshi" and "Decentralization" are the two words which can briefly summarize the economic policy suitable for the present circumstances.
Well, though I agree to most of DeenDayal's observations, what I find is really lacking, is a more concrete plan to achieve the said goals, which probably he left it to his successors. How fruitfully, his successors execute his vision in reality in the current and changed circumstances, remains to be seen. (The pessimist in me, sadly, is yet to see implementations of his grand vision so far, apart from some ego-boosting and populist and many-a-times debatable and dubious actions.)
Unlike Savarkar's Hindutva, DeenDayal's 'Integral Humanism' (actually four lectures delivered in 4 consecutive days) not only talks about the problems of the society but also tries to provide some sort of socio-economic implementable actions. However, this slim edition, just leaves you wanting and I would love to understand more of his vision and thoughts.
P.S. The other major controversial topic, which probably captures the headlines more frequently than the socio-economic ideologies,… yes…you guessed it right…the Muslim question…was not to be found in this compendium. Hopefully, I would get hold of his other book, 'Akhand Bharat aaur Muslim Samasya' (United India and the Muslim Problem), to get more understandings of his thoughts.
Hence, it is high time for me to understand the vision of their ideologues who the leaders hold very highly and try to give sort of competitive edge by belittling the previously held visionaries of the left. Having been confused by reading Savarkar's Hindutva which, though provided his idea of Indian identity (and more precisely a division), failed to give any clear vision or course of action, I turned to DeenDayal Upadhay, who our current prime minister mentions, on drop of a hat, as his philosophical guru and guide.
It is hard to find books by the Right Wing ideologues, for obvious reasons (you can see how less read those are in Goodreads). Somehow, I managed to get my hands on the most important book by DeenDayalji which introduces a novel concept of 'Integral Humanism', that the leaders of BJP quote as their basic ideological principle.
First of all, by the term 'Integral Humanism', I had assumed this could be some kind of philosophy that would talk about physical, intellectual and spiritual growth of a man exploring his/her ethical and humane aspects. No, it is not that. With 'Integral Humanism', DeenDayal tries to draw parallel between the societal development with a man's wholesome growth. My inference is that DeenDayal here tries to reject the reductionist approach and embrace the holistic approach of philosophy.
The lectures were given in 1965, a good 18 years after India's independence and several months after the death of Nehru. It is evident from various arguments that, like most fellow right-wing ideologues, DeenDayal was no fan of western thoughts. He emphasizes that the basic cause of the problems facing Bharat is the neglect of its national identity…..We had taken pride in resisting things British while they ruled us, but strangely enough, now that the Britishers have left, westernisation has become synonymous with progress. Western science is universal and must be absorbed by us if we wish to go forward, the same is not true about the western way of life and values.
Then, Deen Dayal analyzes the conflicting nature of different socio-political ideologies of Europe. Nationalism, democracy, socialism or equality (equality is there at the root of socialism; equality is different from equability), these three doctrines have dominated European social political thinking. ………. World unity and Nationalism conflict with each other. Democracy grants individual liberty but the same is used by capitalist system for exploitation and monopoly. Socialism was brought in to end exploitation but it eliminated the freedom and dignity of the individual.
And hence, we can't adopt these western ideas in toto. We need to take the approach of Bharatiya Culture and the first characteristic of Bharatiya culture is that it looks upon life as an integrated whole. Unity in diversity and the expression of unity in various forms has remained the central thought of Bharatiya culture.
Body, mind, intelligence and the soul - these four make up an individual. But these are integrated to give the identity and meaning to existence of man. The longings for Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha, are inborn in man. Moksha has been considered the highest of these purusharthas, [but] efforts for Moksha alone are not considered to give benefit to the soul. Artha includes what is known as political and economic policies. Dharma" defines a set of rules to regulate the social activity. Kama, the materialistic and sensual pleasures, too can be attained only through Dharma. So all are required for the integrated being. Similarly, societal progress could be achieved through integrating various cultural, political and economic thoughts and institutions.
After laying down the principles of his vision, Deen Dayal puts forward his course of action, in the socio-economic development of India. He rejects the capitalist models of over-consumption and over-production to meet capitalistic ambition, but promotes more socialistic approach of free education and free medical treatment, guarantee of work.
Both capitalist as well as communist, have failed to take account of the Integral Man, his true and complete personality and his aspirations. One considers him a mere selfish being lingering after money, having only one law, the law of fierce competition, in essence the law of the jungle; whereas the other has viewed him as a feeble lifeless cog in the whole scheme of things, regulated by rigid rules, and incapable of any good unless directed. The centralization of power, economic and political, is implied in both. Both, therefore, result in dehumanization of man. .. For a wholesome value of man, -This is possible only through a decentralized economy. …"Swadeshi" and "Decentralization" are the two words which can briefly summarize the economic policy suitable for the present circumstances.
Well, though I agree to most of DeenDayal's observations, what I find is really lacking, is a more concrete plan to achieve the said goals, which probably he left it to his successors. How fruitfully, his successors execute his vision in reality in the current and changed circumstances, remains to be seen. (The pessimist in me, sadly, is yet to see implementations of his grand vision so far, apart from some ego-boosting and populist and many-a-times debatable and dubious actions.)
Unlike Savarkar's Hindutva, DeenDayal's 'Integral Humanism' (actually four lectures delivered in 4 consecutive days) not only talks about the problems of the society but also tries to provide some sort of socio-economic implementable actions. However, this slim edition, just leaves you wanting and I would love to understand more of his vision and thoughts.
P.S. The other major controversial topic, which probably captures the headlines more frequently than the socio-economic ideologies,… yes…you guessed it right…the Muslim question…was not to be found in this compendium. Hopefully, I would get hold of his other book, 'Akhand Bharat aaur Muslim Samasya' (United India and the Muslim Problem), to get more understandings of his thoughts.
December 3, 2018
A sharp, brief information to the thoughts of Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay. As the title says, it is literally an integration of Humanism with Indian-ness; in other words, taking the best of values from across the world, and modifying them for an Indian context.
To be perfectly honest, there isn't much to disagree with - I find much of the views here to be Gandhain (at this point everyone is confused. Who is to outrage?), Socialist, and at times even Nehruvian (at this junction the accusations of fibbing start flying).
In other words, these views are quite centrist.
What did I disagree with? One, this is pure theory - there is no concrete action plan laid down. And two, the length is too short to properly articulate views. Much is left to the readers' merit to discern the depth of the true magnitude of thoughts.
To be perfectly honest, there isn't much to disagree with - I find much of the views here to be Gandhain (at this point everyone is confused. Who is to outrage?), Socialist, and at times even Nehruvian (at this junction the accusations of fibbing start flying).
In other words, these views are quite centrist.
What did I disagree with? One, this is pure theory - there is no concrete action plan laid down. And two, the length is too short to properly articulate views. Much is left to the readers' merit to discern the depth of the true magnitude of thoughts.
June 5, 2014
Presents an alternative to communism and capitalism for India based on Indian philosophy. It is not actually a book but a series of 4 incrementally building lectures given back in 1960s. A lot of work needs to be done to take this discourse forward.
December 28, 2018
Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya was one of the tallest leaders of India’s right wing movement. He was the president of Bhartiya Jansangh which was the precursor to the current ruling party BJP in India. He is perceived as one of the greatest ideologue to come out from the right wing movement in India and this book provides a peek into ingenious philosophy called Integral Humanism propounded by him to take India to the growth path. His philosophy rejected both capitalism and communism as unsuited for India psyche and instead a new take on the system for governance in India that provides primacy to Dharma as according to him is the only way to awaken chitti (soul) of India.
He was mysteriously murdered in his prime and case is unsolved to this day and most right wing leaders believe his murder to be a conspiracy of either left or center.
He was mysteriously murdered in his prime and case is unsolved to this day and most right wing leaders believe his murder to be a conspiracy of either left or center.
September 19, 2017
The book briefly and clearly takes you through the basic tenets of Integral Humanism.
I would say that you should not make any conclusions merely from reading this book, but go on to read other books by Pt. Deendayal ji to have a detailed view of Integral Humanism.
I would say that you should not make any conclusions merely from reading this book, but go on to read other books by Pt. Deendayal ji to have a detailed view of Integral Humanism.
August 1, 2019
उत्तम विचारो का उत्तम संग्रह
उपाध्याय जी के विचार 54 वर्षो के बाद भी आज के परिपेक्ष्य में भी उतने ही उपयोगी जितने तब थे
उपाध्याय जी के विचार 54 वर्षो के बाद भी आज के परिपेक्ष्य में भी उतने ही उपयोगी जितने तब थे
November 29, 2019
What could have been the direction of our nation after independence is clearly visualised and explained. A new direction for not only India but the world. Struggling amidst capitalism and communism.
July 22, 2020
This book basically contains summary of his views on all topic relevant for a nation. This book advocates that instead of simply copying and implementing foreign ideas regarding politics, economics and social life, there is a need to put efforts to develop indigenous ideas suited to Indian context. This can be done by looking at things in a holistic way rather than scrutinizing individual parts. I especially liked the critique of capitalism and socialism, and his thoughts on how to reclaim the integity of a human being and of the country.
Read
January 18, 2022Traditionalist and Forward-Looking (/Revolutionary/Innovative) at the same time
I read it for the first time in 2017, and it has been a favorite since then. The thoughts laid out in Integral Humanism need to be developed further, but this is a good foundation.
I read it for the first time in 2017, and it has been a favorite since then. The thoughts laid out in Integral Humanism need to be developed further, but this is a good foundation.
August 2, 2020
A must read write up for youth.
It gives a complete idea of humanism, duties and rights of state, explain the creation of perfect society.
Overall a good read for youth.
It gives a complete idea of humanism, duties and rights of state, explain the creation of perfect society.
Overall a good read for youth.
November 19, 2024
The first 3 chapters are deep, thought-provoking and great. But the last chapter felt vague and a bit shallow.
February 13, 2024
I was quite surprised to find that this thought/book doesn’t feature in any political science curriculum of the institutions in this land. Basic premise of it being that too often the defined “–isms” see the human as a congregation of his projections in the economic plane, cultural plane, political plane, biological plane and spiritual plane. This is what the author categorically rejects and appeals to the reader to see the whole of human as one i.e. the integral human.
A more transferrable and mutable example is a father who travels to work in a overcrowded suburb of Mumbai everyday because he is aspirational in the sense that his bearing of the pain can isolate/skip his son/daughter out of this agony. He may be a politically defeated man by virtue that the collective he is part of fails to deliver for him but he is an empowered cultural, biological and spiritual man. Divorcing of such components of the whole misses the forest for the trees.
A housewife can also be a feminist with an equitable economic relation within the household. Stop studying and understanding humans through the prism of broken and binary “isms”. I am hoping the “integral” preceding humanism makes the cut for exception in this case.
The synergy arising out of pooling of these projections is what makes the man/woman whole (in association holistic). This actor in the physical world cannot be comprehended by breaking into parts.
While the capitalism sees the man as a consumer/producer, the communism order sees the man as a politically oppressed working class/politically oppresing ruling class though both will share a fondness for the vodka and dance alike, in effect neglecting all the other hues he/she is formed of. Even Socrates in “Plato’s Republic” failed to come around to this natural truth of the human as a whole theory because he saw the society/state with multiple hues but not focussing much on the spectrum of the individual. That is why he advocated for taking away children from parents and to nurture them through a commune with indifference as the guide to raise citizens devoid of personal biases.
If not for anything else one can read it for the fact that the elected government of the last decade used this as a template to deliver governance in this land.
August 15, 2023
Having noted as a book referred by Subramnian Swamy (in Reset), I got this book from Amazon. There is a conceptual model for integral humanism (a cube) in the context of a society (nation), which is difficult to grasp because there is not much elaborations on the intricate interrelations of the different facets (factors) of the model. The latter part is a sort of lectures of study class for cadre workers, who have, probably, little or no background knowledge. It is not as intellectually challenging as I had expected.
April 21, 2023
बीजेपी की सोच
यह लघु पुस्तक बीजेपी की सोच प्रदर्शित करती है लेकिन कहीं कहीं अस्पष्ट है।
अवश्य पठनीय है। नए भारत के लिए विचारणीय है।
यह लघु पुस्तक बीजेपी की सोच प्रदर्शित करती है लेकिन कहीं कहीं अस्पष्ट है।
अवश्य पठनीय है। नए भारत के लिए विचारणीय है।
April 18, 2019
If 'Devil' is in the details, then this seems a really pious book/essay/collection. Because the one thing that these lectures sorely miss are Details. Deendayal's Integral Humanism is our current prime minister's stated ideology, he sees his work inspired by these teachings. Which kudos to him is a really smart choice, because this work is open to constructive and constrictive leanings depending on the interpretation.
Conservatism, is a much despised word in the world today, and for good reasons. Most of the world attach their past and conservative ideas to repressive customs and practices which go against the value of freedom and 'liberty' which the liberalized modern world of our generation so vehemently adores. But there's a catch, what if your culture and its history which was susceptible to bigotry and discrimination, could be modified or reformed to weed out the mutations and if retained in its spirit 'Chitti' could prove to be the natural way that our own unique part of the world functions. That we could come up with our very own ideas or version of ideas instead of just importing methods and ways and words and full on ideologies from the west. THIS is the call Deendayal gives to the nation. And we could all nod along as he lays this view in these 4 lectures.
But again to underline and define in detail what and how this unique to us value and methods would function, he's not that clear. But he's quite confident of it's difference. I could agree with almost everything that he preaches in these lectures, Dharma and its implications, food as a basic right, work for everyone who is fed, machines which make sense in Indian setting considering our population and skill sets, A Nation too having a Soul, exploitation of Nature by using just the overflow from nature, not becoming a consumerist society which discards things not because they need to but because they like the new shiny version and not clinging to old traditions and institutions which have outlived their utility.
All this is well thought and are ideas in the right direction, these could be seen as ideas of someone proud of his ancient heritage but fairly grounded in reality. Not an extreme right winger foaming at the mouth, breaking skulls on valentine's day. Ahh the irony, if only those jackasses could read Deendayal properly, if only those who do violence and bigotry in the name of things that they have no idea about could take the time to reflect rather than sully their name. Everyone should read this, it's interesting, short and worthy enough to enrich your mind.
Conservatism, is a much despised word in the world today, and for good reasons. Most of the world attach their past and conservative ideas to repressive customs and practices which go against the value of freedom and 'liberty' which the liberalized modern world of our generation so vehemently adores. But there's a catch, what if your culture and its history which was susceptible to bigotry and discrimination, could be modified or reformed to weed out the mutations and if retained in its spirit 'Chitti' could prove to be the natural way that our own unique part of the world functions. That we could come up with our very own ideas or version of ideas instead of just importing methods and ways and words and full on ideologies from the west. THIS is the call Deendayal gives to the nation. And we could all nod along as he lays this view in these 4 lectures.
But again to underline and define in detail what and how this unique to us value and methods would function, he's not that clear. But he's quite confident of it's difference. I could agree with almost everything that he preaches in these lectures, Dharma and its implications, food as a basic right, work for everyone who is fed, machines which make sense in Indian setting considering our population and skill sets, A Nation too having a Soul, exploitation of Nature by using just the overflow from nature, not becoming a consumerist society which discards things not because they need to but because they like the new shiny version and not clinging to old traditions and institutions which have outlived their utility.
All this is well thought and are ideas in the right direction, these could be seen as ideas of someone proud of his ancient heritage but fairly grounded in reality. Not an extreme right winger foaming at the mouth, breaking skulls on valentine's day. Ahh the irony, if only those jackasses could read Deendayal properly, if only those who do violence and bigotry in the name of things that they have no idea about could take the time to reflect rather than sully their name. Everyone should read this, it's interesting, short and worthy enough to enrich your mind.
May 24, 2024
This is wisdom throughout its 74 pages.
It explains the limitation of communism capitalism and socialism and speaks of integral humanism.
The book describes what is dharma which unfortunately is loosely translated by the Macaulay's followers as religion.
It talks about the progress of the body, mind, intellect and the soul, and it also speaks about Dharma ,Artha, kaam and moksh.
The book discusses what is a secular street and whether the state needs to be absolutely powerful because according to Deendayal upadhi even people are not sovereign.
As he saya, Dharma is eternal. Therefore, it is not enough to say while defining democracy that it is the government of the people. It has to be the government for the good of the people.
A fantastic book indeed.
It explains the limitation of communism capitalism and socialism and speaks of integral humanism.
The book describes what is dharma which unfortunately is loosely translated by the Macaulay's followers as religion.
It talks about the progress of the body, mind, intellect and the soul, and it also speaks about Dharma ,Artha, kaam and moksh.
The book discusses what is a secular street and whether the state needs to be absolutely powerful because according to Deendayal upadhi even people are not sovereign.
As he saya, Dharma is eternal. Therefore, it is not enough to say while defining democracy that it is the government of the people. It has to be the government for the good of the people.
A fantastic book indeed.
March 28, 2017
Integral Humanism is a doctrine developed by Pdt. Deendayal Upadhyaya as a primary concern to develop an indigenous economic model for India that puts the human being at the center of the model. It is influenced by the Hinduism philosophy (or Sanatana-dharma for the lack of a better term) where the model incorporates all the 4 universal objectives of the mankind- dharma, artha, kama and moksha as opposed to the western ideologies where they consider only the needs of the body and the mind. It proposes a middle path of nationalism (Eastern concept of nationalism as opposed to the western school of thoughts) to the extremist western ideologies of capitalism and socialism, which is practically possible to follow in the society. Society, according to Pdt. Deendayalji, rather than arising from a social contract between the individuals, was born as an organic entity with a definitive ‘national ethos’ or ‘national soul’ and its needs being parallel to those of individuals. I admire the overall concept of integral humanism as it seeks to include everything with human beings kept at the center stage and doesn’t reject any part of the whole universe as other ‘-isms’ do.
Displaying 1 - 18 of 18 reviews