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Τρεις μελέτες για τη σεξουαλική θεωρία
Όπως και να διαβάσει κανείς τις "Τρεις μελέτες για τη σεξουαλική θεωρία", το κείμενο αυτό διατρέχεται από μία γενική και θεμελιώδη θέση: η διαστροφή δεν είναι εκτροπή, παρέκκλιση της σεξουαλικότητας, αλλά στην ίδια της την ουσία η ανθρώπινη σεξουαλικότητα είναι διαστροφική. Με άλλα λόγια, η "εξαίρεση", δηλαδή η διαστροφή, καταλήγει να συμπαρασύρει στην κίνησή της και τον κανόνα. Η εξαίρεση, που θα έπρεπε να προϋποθέτει την ύπαρξη ενός προκαθορισμένου ενστίκτου, μιας προκαθορισμένης σεξουαλικής λειτουργίας με σαφώς προσδιορισμένους τους κανόνες εκπλήρωσής της, η εξαίρεση αυτή καταλήγει να υπονομεύσει και να καταλύσει την ίδια την έννοια της βιολογικής νόρμας. Η ανατρεπτική αυτή θέση του Φρόυντ προσέκρουσε σε σφοδρότατες αντιδράσεις και αντιστάσεις που έλαβαν χώρα στην εποχή του αλλά παραμένουν ακόμα και σήμερα. Παρ' όλο που η ύπαρξη της παιδικής σεξουαλικότητας είναι πλέον κοινός τόπος και έννοιες όπως "απώθηση", "οιδιπόδειο", "ψυχική σύγκρουση" κυκλοφορούν ευρύτατα, υπάρχει κάτι που αντιστέκεται πάντα στην ιδέα ότι η σεξουαλικότητα, ως ιδιαίτερη διάσταση της ανθρώπινης συνθήκης, βρίσκεται στον πυρήνα της ψυχικής λειτουργίας. Και αυτό αφορά όχι μόνο το ευρύ κοινό αλλά και την ψυχαναλυτική σκέψη ειδικότερα.[...] Οι "Τρεις μελέτες για τη σεξουαλική θεωρία", αυτό το μικρό αλλά θεμελιακό και αποφασιστικά καινοτόμο κείμενο, που ο Φρόυντ μαζί με την Ερμηνεία των ονείρων θεωρούσε τα δύο σημαντικότερα έργα του, επιχειρεί μία καντιανού τύπου κριτική επανεξέταση του τρόπου με τον οποίο νοούμε το ζήτημα της ανθρώπινης σεξουαλικότητας.
- GenresPsychology
176 pages, Paperback
Published February 1, 2014
1 person is currently reading
27 people want to read
About the author
Sigmund Freud
4,366 books8,502 followersDr. Sigismund Freud (later changed to Sigmund) was a neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, who created an entirely new approach to the understanding of the human personality. He is regarded as one of the most influential—and controversial—minds of the 20th century.
In 1873, Freud began to study medicine at the University of Vienna. After graduating, he worked at the Vienna General Hospital. He collaborated with Josef Breuer in treating hysteria by the recall of painful experiences under hypnosis. In 1885, Freud went to Paris as a student of the neurologist Jean Charcot. On his return to Vienna the following year, Freud set up in private practice, specialising in nervous and brain disorders. The same year he married Martha Bernays, with whom he had six children.
Freud developed the theory that humans have an unconscious in which sexual and aggressive impulses are in perpetual conflict for supremacy with the defences against them. In 1897, he began an intensive analysis of himself. In 1900, his major work 'The Interpretation of Dreams' was published in which Freud analysed dreams in terms of unconscious desires and experiences.
In 1902, Freud was appointed Professor of Neuropathology at the University of Vienna, a post he held until 1938. Although the medical establishment disagreed with many of his theories, a group of pupils and followers began to gather around Freud. In 1910, the International Psychoanalytic Association was founded with Carl Jung, a close associate of Freud's, as the president. Jung later broke with Freud and developed his own theories.
After World War One, Freud spent less time in clinical observation and concentrated on the application of his theories to history, art, literature and anthropology. In 1923, he published 'The Ego and the Id', which suggested a new structural model of the mind, divided into the 'id, the 'ego' and the 'superego'.
In 1933, the Nazis publicly burnt a number of Freud's books. In 1938, shortly after the Nazis annexed Austria, Freud left Vienna for London with his wife and daughter Anna.
Freud had been diagnosed with cancer of the jaw in 1923, and underwent more than 30 operations. He died of cancer on 23 September 1939.
In 1873, Freud began to study medicine at the University of Vienna. After graduating, he worked at the Vienna General Hospital. He collaborated with Josef Breuer in treating hysteria by the recall of painful experiences under hypnosis. In 1885, Freud went to Paris as a student of the neurologist Jean Charcot. On his return to Vienna the following year, Freud set up in private practice, specialising in nervous and brain disorders. The same year he married Martha Bernays, with whom he had six children.
Freud developed the theory that humans have an unconscious in which sexual and aggressive impulses are in perpetual conflict for supremacy with the defences against them. In 1897, he began an intensive analysis of himself. In 1900, his major work 'The Interpretation of Dreams' was published in which Freud analysed dreams in terms of unconscious desires and experiences.
In 1902, Freud was appointed Professor of Neuropathology at the University of Vienna, a post he held until 1938. Although the medical establishment disagreed with many of his theories, a group of pupils and followers began to gather around Freud. In 1910, the International Psychoanalytic Association was founded with Carl Jung, a close associate of Freud's, as the president. Jung later broke with Freud and developed his own theories.
After World War One, Freud spent less time in clinical observation and concentrated on the application of his theories to history, art, literature and anthropology. In 1923, he published 'The Ego and the Id', which suggested a new structural model of the mind, divided into the 'id, the 'ego' and the 'superego'.
In 1933, the Nazis publicly burnt a number of Freud's books. In 1938, shortly after the Nazis annexed Austria, Freud left Vienna for London with his wife and daughter Anna.
Freud had been diagnosed with cancer of the jaw in 1923, and underwent more than 30 operations. He died of cancer on 23 September 1939.
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