This one is a bit of a toughie, and very hard to deal with in a short review. First off, I feel that if I had read WINDFLOWER 25 years ago, I would have been more sympathetic to it. I think that Gabrielle Roy was well intentioned with this novel, but it has not shed well. The novel is about Elsa, a young Inuit woman (Eskimo throughout the book because 1970) who is raped by an American soldier and raises the resultant child (a blue-eyed, blonde haired son) in a works transitioning from the traditional Inuit way of life to a more technology and materialistic settler one.
Roy uses some effective metaphors to communicate thus transition. Elsa wavers between raising her child, Jimmy, with all of the modern conveniences, which alienates her from her Inuit family people, to raising him in a traditional manner, which alienates her from the white community, who accuse her of “letting herself go.” The Inuit people, particularly the young people, use the straight, flat and direct paved road (connecting the townsite to the military base/radar station, rather than the traditional meandering and rough traditional trail. Even after the road starts to deteriorate, it remains the favoured place for young people to use. A pivotal moment comes when Elsa and Ian, a more elderly relative, try to escape with Jimmy to an Inuit paradise (Baffin Island), but when Jimmy gets sick, forcing them to return to the community with the hospital, Jimmy decides to forsake his traditional Inuit culture and wholly embraces a white, decidedly American one.
Roy’s take on the Inuit is an assimilationist one. In the novel, she seems to indicate that the traditional Inuit way of life is doomed from the onslaught of white Euro-Canadian-American culture. She comes so close at times. So close. Roy includes a passage where the local RCMP officer comes to tell Elsa that she must send her son to school or he will have to arrest her and force her son into school. My thought was, “Oh my god! Is Roy going to talk about Residential and Day schools in 1970?! Decades ahead of when most Canadians became (or acknowledged) these schools and their abuses. Unfortunately, Roy does not go there. The Mountie is a good soul, and he feels bad about what he has to do, and that part of the story never really goes anywhere. So close to something ahead of its time.
There is also the point that Roy is a non-Indigenous, French Canadian writing about an Inuit woman and the transition of their culture. In 1970, nobody would have batted an eye at that, but today, it’s more than a little problematic. Roy is a sensitive author, and probably handles these themes more sensitively than most authors could have at the time, but that still doesn’t make the book less problematic. This is a novel that is perhaps better to be valued today as an artifact of a previous time, and not so much as a work of literature. I think it is worth reading, but mainly as a check on one’s own biases and assumptions.