The title of this book ‘Philosophy of the landscape’ is a bit misleading. The Dutch cultural philosopher Ton Lemaire gives quite a bit of attention to the spatial elements of our existence, but his real focus is on the pernicious force of Western modernity. He does not use the word modernity himself: this book dates from 1970 and I do not think that the term already was 'coined' at that time, but it is clear that Lemaire is very negative about the Western urge to objectify, control and manipulate reality. According to him culture has taken completely control of nature, and caused a fundamental breach in our existence.
For instance, he illustrates how in Western painting from the 15th Century on gradually the landscape was changed, from a sacred, symbolic background to a realistic space, which was 'susceptible', but which also was demythologized, and in the 20th Century even resulted in a surrealistic, petrified whole. While faith in progress (and modernity) continued to stimulate the disenchantment, the resistance to it grew simultaneously, out of a feeling of alienation, which led to attempts to remythologize the space. This happened most extremely in Romanticism, with his obsessive adoration for nature. But that adoration was and is at the same time ambiguous, because Romanticism is also a cultural attempt at manipulation, the breach between nature and culture cannot be undone.
It is that ambiguity that always returns with Lemaire. For example when he talks about ‘inhabiting’, which means having a fixed center, a certain ground from which you leave and where you return to. Modernity has demolished that fixed center, the whole world is now our center, we are no longer at home in one place. That is why traveling (in the modern sense) with Lemaire has a rather negative connotation (as an urge to have a universal center, to oversee the whole world), with one exception: walking (because that still respects nature as nature to some extent). It is clear that Lemaire writes from a personal discontent, a grief for the loss of the landscape of his youth by the unscrupulous modernity, and thus from a harsh feeling of nostalgia.
However interesting his considerations, Lemaire regularly packs them in prose that is very difficult, very theoretically-philosophically articulated (with a strong Hegelian slant). In some cases his book is also clearly dated: for example, the oriental (in this case limited to Chinese) painting is elevated as a counterexample to the western painting, on the basis of very poor source material (British editions from the middle of the last century); his treatment of archeology and prehistory (as impoverishing disciplines) is also very outdated. But anyone who likes a bit more frivolous philosophical thinking should certainly read his final essays on gnomes and popular belief, on the nakedness of the noon hour and on the philosophy of tanning.
(2.5 stars)