Jump to ratings and reviews
Rate this book

The Democracy Makers: Human Rights and the Politics of Global Order

Rate this book
Has the international movement for democracy and human rights gone from being a weapon against power to part of the arsenal of power itself? Nicolas Guilhot explores this question in his penetrating look at how the U.S. government, the World Bank, political scientists, NGOs, think tanks, and various international organizations have appropriated the movement for democracy and human rights to export neoliberal policies throughout the world. His work charts the various symbolic, ideological, and political meanings that have developed around human rights and democracy movements. Guilhot suggests that these shifting meanings reflect the transformation of a progressive, emancipatory movement into an industry, dominated by "experts," ensconced in positions of power.

Guilhot's story begins in the 1950s when U.S. foreign policy experts promoted human rights and democracy as part of a "democratic international" to fight the spread of communism. Later, the unlikely convergence of anti-Stalinist leftists and the nascent neoconservative movement found a place in the Reagan administration. These "State Department Socialists," as they were known, created policies and organizations that provided financial and technical expertise to democratic movements, but also supported authoritarian, anti-communist regimes, particularly in Latin America.

Guilhot also traces the intellectual and social trajectories of key academics, policymakers, and institutions, including Seymour M. Lipset, Jeane Kirkpatrick, the "Chicago Boys," including Milton Friedman, the National Endowment for Democracy, and the Ford Foundation. He examines the ways in which various individuals, or "double agents," were able to occupy pivotal positions at the junction of academe, national, and international institutions, and activist movements. He also pays particular attention to the role of the social sciences in transforming the old anti-Communist crusades into respectable international organizations that promoted progressive and democratic ideals, but did not threaten the strategic and economic goals of Western governments and businesses.

Guilhot's purpose is not to disqualify democracy promotion as a conspiratorial activity. Rather he offers new perspectives on the roles of various transnational human rights institutions and the policies they promote. Ultimately, his work proposes a new model for understanding the international politics of legitimate democratic order and the relation between popular resistance to globalization and the "Washington Consensus."

288 pages, Hardcover

First published November 29, 2004

Loading...
Loading...

About the author

Nicolas Guilhot

17 books6 followers

Ratings & Reviews

What do you think?
Rate this book

Friends & Following

Create a free account to discover what your friends think of this book!

Community Reviews

5 stars
3 (33%)
4 stars
4 (44%)
3 stars
1 (11%)
2 stars
1 (11%)
1 star
0 (0%)
Displaying 1 - 1 of 1 review
Profile Image for Eren Buğlalılar.
355 reviews185 followers
August 12, 2018
Guilhot emperyalizmin 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısındaki dış politikasını ele alırken tarih, siyaset bilimi ve fikir sosyolojisini birleştirmiş. Bu "nöron bombası" kitap 2018 okuma listemin en iyilerinden oldu.

Yazar bir çelişkiye dikkat çekerek açıyor kitabını: 1980 yılına kadar, halk hareketleri demokrasi ve temel haklar uğruna mücadele eder bedeller öderdi. 1980 yılından sonra ne oldu da, demokrasi ve insan hakları IMF'nin, Dünya Bankası'nın ve onlarla birlikte STK'ların koruyup yaydığı değerler oldular? Bünyesinde devlet kurullarında danışman olarak çalışan eski solcu akademisyenleri, aydınları barındıran, demokrasi getirmekte uzmanlaşmış (bankalar ve vakıflarca fonlanan) STK'lar halk örgütlerinin yerini nasıl aldı?

Guilhot bu sorunun yanıtını 1930'larda ABD'de ortaya çıkan "anti-komünist sol"dan başlayıp, 1950'lerdeki kalkınma teorilerine, 1980 sonrası neoliberal saldırıya dek sürüyor. ABD'li muhalif akademisyenlerin devletle kurdukları yakın ilişkilerin, üniversitelerdeki sosyal bilim çevrelerinin en doğru teori konusundaki tartışmalarının ABD'nin dış politikasının şekillenişinde nasıl bir rol oynadığını gösteriyor.

Amerikan devletinin dış politikaya dair farklı düşünce akımlarını araçsallaştırma becerisini açıkladığı kadar, ABD akademyası ve dış politikası özelinde, 20. yüzyıl düşünce tarihinin en ilginç dönüşümlerinden birini anlatıyor kitap. ABD'nin yeni-sömürgeleştirdiği bir ülkede yaşayan Türkiyeliler olarak biz bu dönüşümü 1950'lerde çok partili sistem, tarımda sanayileşme, 1960'larda devletleşme ve ithal ikameci kalkınma, 12 Eylül darbesinden sonra ise demokratikleşme ve serbest piyasalaşma şeklinde deneyimledik.
Displaying 1 - 1 of 1 review