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The Return of Russia: From Yeltsin to Putin, the Story of a Vengeful Kremlin

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An incisive and engaging account of post-Soviet Russia—showing how and why the country has come into confrontation with the West
 
The escalation of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 triggered the most violent conflict seen on European soil for decades. Millions of people have been displaced, and thousands killed. As the conflict continues, many in the West are seeking to understand why Putin has followed his ambitions to such extreme ends. 
 
James Rodgers examines the development of Russia’s relationship with the West from the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 to the present day. Rodgers argues that, while Putin has long distrusted the West, Western policies have made the situation much worse. He shows that Putin’s political career, with its transformations from supportive ally to implacable critic of the West, has been the defining influence on Russia’s place in the contemporary world.
 
Following the invasion of Ukraine, the West needs to develop a new understanding of Russia’s views and possible actions—rather than simply ignoring them, as has been the case since the end of the Cold War.; James Rodgers examines the development of Russia’s relationship with the West from the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 to the present day. Considering in turn Russian distrust and Western policy failures, he shows that Putin’s political career has been the defining influence on Russia’s place in the contemporary world.

336 pages, Hardcover

Published January 27, 2026

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James Rodgers

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James Rodgers (1800-1868)

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Profile Image for Graham.
92 reviews44 followers
February 14, 2026
The United States won the Cold War against the Soviet Union in 1991 but in it's victory, the United States and Europe grew arrogant in it's victory and complacent as the 1990s came to a close.

The West promised Russia that NATO wouldn't take one more kilometer after East Germany reunited with West Germany. However, countries that were part of the Warsaw Pact joined NATO, even the Baltic States joined NATO. Additionally, NATO's actions in the Balkans infuriated Russia became other Slavs were affected negatively.

The West thought that Russia would fit it's mold of what a democracy should be. Nevertheless, Bill Clinton supported Boris Yeltsin's bombing of the White House, home of the Duma, to prevent the Communist Party from regaining power.

The 1990s was a time where Russia had to adjust to market forces shaping the economy.

When Putin came to power in 2000, he sounded willing to work with the West but Putin saw George W. Bush's decision to invade Iraq as a statement that thr US didn't have a problem with regime change, something that Putin thought could happen to him.

An interesting comment was Condilissa Rice saying that the loss of Ukraine would be like the US losing California or Texas.

I really enjoyed this book. My only big critique was the lack of material on Russia's alliance with China. More should have been said about this.
Profile Image for Dmitry.
1,316 reviews106 followers
March 11, 2026
(The English review is placed beneath the Russian one)

Во-первых, книга является типичным пересказом ельцинско-путинского правления (эпохи этих двух правителей). Таких книг, которые коротко и поверхностно описывают современную Россию, сосредотачиваясь на самых значимых событиях, как например, расстрел парламента 1993 года или теракты в Норд-Осте и Беслане, выходило огромное количество. Именно поэтому возникает вопрос актуальности и нужности такой книги. Такое ощущение, что автор просто делает деньги на «горячности» темы, а не желает поделиться с читателем чем-то интересным, в частности собственным видением или анализом современной России или её истории. Авторского анализа в книге вообще нет, ибо книга представляет из себя сухой пересказ известных фактов. Если кто-то думает, что это самый большой минус книги, то он или она ошибается. Главным минус книги - непонимание автором темы о которой он пишет, т.е. автор совершенно не понял Россию, ибо пишет несусветную чушь.

Я мог ещё стерпеть очередной краткий и поверхностный пересказ современной истории России, но автор уже в первой половине книги делает грубейшие ошибки и в частности автор не понимает, что в России уже при Ельцине не было никакой демократии. Да, автор пишет и про расстрел парламента в 1993 и про бандитизм и олигархов, вот только он думает, что это были негативные последствия демократизации, но на самом деле никакой демократизации в принципе не было. Была дана небольшая свобода в области СМИ, а так же был потерян контроль над российскими регионами, но потеря контроля (со стороны центра, т.е. Москвы) вовсе не означает, что это была демократия, это было именно временная потеря контроля, который существовал и в царское время и, безусловно, в советское. Но меня возмутили другие слова автора, вернее, его непонимания путинского правления. Вот что пишет автор по поводу выборов президента РФ, а точнее переназначение Путина.

The electoral system was now timed to allow the Duma elections late in the preceding year to act as a kind of test run for the presidential vote the following spring. In the presidential election on 14 March 2004, Putin won comfortably in the first round, meaning there was no need for a second round of voting. On a turnout of 64 per cent, Putin won 71 per cent of the vote.
Putin’s popularity combined political skill and good fortune – and both he and those who advised him knew how to make the most of the good fortune that came their way.

Проблема тут в том, что уже в 1996 году выборы в России нельзя было обозначить в качестве честных, справедливых и прозрачных. Уже при Ельцине выборы были вовсе не прозрачные и зачастую и не справедливыми, что уж говорить про правление Путина, когда уже в первое своё правление Путин уничтожил даже те останки свободы что были при Ельцине. О каких демократических выборах можно говорить при Путине, когда у оппозиционных кандидатов не было ни допуска к СМИ, ни возможности критиковать власть, ни возможности на равных вести избирательную борьбу, т.е. все те элементы, которые присутствуют в выборных системах США и стран Запада. Выборы в России, это когда строго выбранных кандидатов приглашают на 10 минут, чтобы те рассказали о себе, в то время как действующую власть показывают и восхваляют по телевизору всё оставшееся время. Но главное, когда существует полный запрет на критику действующего президента, вернее, вождя. Это не выборы, это фикция. Это действие со стороны власти, которые больше походят на «выборы», которые осуществлялись в СССР, нежели на выборы, на реальные выборы которые происходят в США. Другими словами, писать о том, что у Путина столько-то поддержки, просто бессмысленно как бессмысленно подсчитывать какова была поддержка КПСС во времена СССР. Если лошадь назвать коровой, она от этого не станет коровой. Вот точно так же и с выборами: если некое действие назвать словом «выборы», они от этого выборами не станут, ибо выборами они тогда становятся, когда соблюдается процедура, а не тогда, когда один из участников может перестрелять всех остальных участников, что метафорически и происходило в России, начиная с 1996 года.

Но ведь многие политологи говорят, что даже на честных выборах в 2004 году Путин бы выиграл, разве нет? Мы не знаем, смог ли Путин выиграть выборы, если бы в России сохранилось бы телевидение, на котором бы Путин подвергался бы критике, а главное, если бы не было никаких ограничений оппозиции. Может быть, он и выиграл, а может быть, и нет. Главное тут то, что никаких выборов в России уже после 1996 года не было и не нужно писать что Путин «комфортно» смог победить на выборах. Путин не мог комфортно или не комфортно победить на выборах просто потому, что никаких выборов не было. Была имитация выборов. Если мы соглашаемся с тезисом, что в России в то время пытались подсчитывать честно, что не было таких ограничений на участие в этих выборах, но при этом были некоторые ограничения, как например непропорциональное представление всех участников в СМИ и в частности отказ Путина от дебатов, то мы идём на компромисс и соглашаемся что выборы могут быть и половинчато честными, т.е. с определёнными ограничениями, которые были наложены административным аппаратом в интересах власти. В таком случаи представитель власти всегда будет выигрывать. Иными словами, в таких выборах можно занять второе место, можно получит 40% голосов, но победа всегда будет у представителя власти. Понимаете, в данном случаи нельзя соглашаться на частично свободные выборы. Выборы либо настоящие как в США, либо это фикция и никакого третьего варианта просто не существует. К сожалению, многие демократы и либералы верили, что может быть третий вариант, т.е. когда выборы частично честные и справедливые, но это мираж. Точно такой же мираж является ельцинская демократия, которая всегда, в конце концов, превращается в диктатуру, даже если до этого момента она много лет была мягкой авторитарной системой с частично свободными СМИ.

А что же автор? А автор, дойдя до событий Норд-Оста и Беслана, и слова не сказал про авторитарную, диктаторскую природу ельцинско-путинского режима и именно поэтому оценка этой книги – отрицательная.




Firstly, the book is a typical retelling of the Yeltsin-Putin era (the era of these two rulers). There have been a huge number of books that briefly and superficially describe modern Russia, focusing on the most significant events, such as the 1993 shooting of the parliament or the terrorist attacks in Nord-Ost and Beslan. This is precisely why the question arises as to the relevance and necessity of such a book. It feels like the author is simply cashing in on the “hotness” of the topic, rather than wanting to share something interesting with the reader, in particular, his own vision or analysis of modern Russia or its history. There is no authorial analysis in the book at all, as it is merely a dry retelling of well-known facts. If anyone thinks that this is the book's biggest drawback, they are mistaken. The main drawback of the book is the author's lack of understanding of the subject he is writing about, i.e., the author has completely misunderstood Russia, as he writes utter nonsense.

I could have tolerated yet another brief and superficial retelling of modern Russian history, but the author makes gross errors in the first half of the book and, in particular, fails to understand that there was no democracy in Russia even under Yeltsin. Yes, the author writes about the shooting of the parliament in 1993, about banditry and oligarchs, but he thinks that these were the negative consequences of democratization, when in fact there was no democratization at all. A small degree of freedom was granted in the media sphere, and control over Russian regions was lost, but this loss of control (on the part of the center, i.e., Moscow) did not mean that it was democracy; it was merely a temporary loss of control, which had existed in tsarist times and, of course, in Soviet times. But I was outraged by the author's other words, or rather, his misunderstanding of Putin's rule. Here is what the author writes about the Russian presidential election, or more precisely, Putin's reappointment.

The electoral system was now timed to allow the Duma elections late in the preceding year to act as a kind of test run for the presidential vote the following spring. In the presidential election on 14 March 2004, Putin won comfortably in the first round, meaning there was no need for a second round of voting. On a turnout of 64 per cent, Putin won 71 per cent of the vote.
Putin’s popularity combined political skill and good fortune – and both he and those who advised him knew how to make the most of the good fortune that came their way.


The problem here is that even in 1996, elections in Russia could not be described as honest, fair, and transparent. Even under Yeltsin, elections were not transparent and often not fair, not to mention Putin's rule, when, during his first term, Putin destroyed even the remnants of freedom that existed under Yeltsin. What kind of democratic elections can we talk about under Putin, when opposition candidates had no access to the media, no opportunity to criticize the authorities, and no opportunity to compete on equal terms in the election campaign, i.e., all the elements that are present in the electoral systems of the United States and Western countries? Elections in Russia are when strictly selected candidates are invited for 10 minutes to talk about themselves, while the current government is shown and praised on television for the rest of the time. But the main thing is that there is a complete ban on criticizing the current president, or rather, the leader. These are not elections; they are fiction. This action by the authorities is more like the “elections” that took place in the USSR than the real elections that take place in the United States. In other words, writing about how much support Putin has is just as pointless as calculating how much support the Communist Party of the Soviet Union had during the Soviet era. Calling a horse a cow does not make it a cow. It is exactly the same with elections: if you call a certain action “elections,” it does not become elections, because elections become elections when the procedure is followed, and not when one of the participants can outgun all the other participants, which is what has been happening metaphorically in Russia since 1996.

But many political analysts say that even in fair elections in 2004, Putin would have won, wouldn't he? We don't know if Putin could have won the election if Russia had retained television stations that would have criticized Putin and, more importantly, if there had been no restrictions on the opposition. Maybe he would have won, maybe not. The main point here is that there have been no elections in Russia since 1996, and there is no need to write that Putin was able to win the election “comfortably.” Putin could not comfortably or uncomfortably win the election simply because there was no election. It was an imitation of an election. If we agree with the thesis that Russia tried to count votes honestly at that time, that there were no restrictions on participation in these elections, but at the same time there were some restrictions, such as the disproportionate representation of all participants in the media and, in particular, Putin's refusal to participate in debates, then we compromise and agree that elections can be half-honest, i.e., with certain restrictions imposed by the administrative apparatus in the interests of the authorities. In such cases, the representative of the authorities will always win. In other words, in such elections, you can come in second place, you can get 40% of the votes, but the representative of the authorities will always win. You see, in this case, you cannot agree to partially free elections. Elections are either real, like in the US, or they are a fiction, and there is simply no third option. Unfortunately, many Democrats and liberals believed that there could be a third option, i.e., when elections are partially honest and fair, but this is a mirage. Yeltsin's democracy is just such a mirage, which always ends up turning into a dictatorship, even if it had been a soft authoritarian system with a partially free media for many years before that.

And what about the author? The author, having reached the events of Nord-Ost and Beslan, did not say a word about the authoritarian, dictatorial nature of the Yeltsin-Putin regime, and that is precisely why the assessment of this book is negative.
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