Most (but not all) of the essays in this excellent book have something to do with Zionism or with relations between different religious streams (mostly, but not entirely, within Judaism). Hartman was a moderate religious Zionist in politics and a moderate Orthodox Jew in religion. Some of the more interesting points:
*In the introduction, Hartman compares Biblical with Talmudic Judaism. In biblical religion, gratification and punishment are immediate. By contrast, the Talmud states that in this world there is no reward or punishment for observing commandments.
*In his essay on "The Joy of Torah", Hartman explains not just Jewish law generally, but some of the more obscure Jewish laws and legends. For example, one text states that "even what a faithful discipline would in the future say in the presence of his master [was] communicated to Moses at Sinai." What does this mean? That every creative moment flows out of the original creative moment at Sinai. Similarly, in a later essay Hartman explains the rabbinic comparison of anger to idolatry, writing that rage precludes the appreciation of a reality beyond oneself- "the existential condition necessary for encountering God."
*In his "Letter to A Reform Rabbi" Hartman, an Orthodox rabbi, suggests that Israel would actually benefit from vibrant Conservative and Reform movements. He writes that because Reform Judaism is a non-halakhic movement (i.e. not bound by traditional Jewish law), it can serve the broader cause of Judaism in other ways- for example, by "free[ing] Jews from their embarrassment in talking about God", by criticizing the idolatrous equation of Judaism with national loyalty, and by focusing on the broader values underlying halacha. Because Conservative Judaism does seek to follow halacha (though a somewhat different version than Orthodoxy) Hartman suggests that Conservative Judaism can show "the wide range of interpretive possibilities allowed for by Halakhah...[and] that the Jewish tradition has always contained the resources necessary to meet new situations and appreciate new values."
*In his essay on "Zionism and the Continuity of Judaism" Hartman grapples with the best of Greek philosophy, suggesting that Judaism differs from, say, Stoicism, because Judaism seeks to change external reality, while the Stoics seek only to accept the inevitable with equanimity.