Jataka stories or birth-legends were widely known in the third century B.C. Each story, narrated by the Buddha, opens with a preface realting the particular circumstances in the Buddha's life, revealing some events in the long series of his pervious existence as a bodhisattva. These stories magnify the glory of the Buddha and illustrate Buddhist doctrines and precepts by appropriate examples.
Edward Byles Cowell FBA, published as E.B. Cowell, was the first professor of Sanskrit at Cambridge University and a noted translator of Persian poetry.