As a Buddhist, I was intrigued to read a book that claims to compare Christianity with Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam. The book, from the outset, is an apologia and makes no apologies for it. Even so it’s disappointing in several ways.
My overall impression is that Mr Zacharias talks a lot without saying very much at all. There are liberal uses of hyperboles which impresses upon the reader on the futility of non-Christian arguments. There are anecdotes of the writer’s encounters with people of other faiths and skeptics; of course these encounters end favourably for the writer. However the writer’s claims themselves can be easily rebutted or countered; of course you won’t read contrary opinions in an apologia. I’ll try to cover the overall themes of the book.
The writer began the book with a personal story of how he found Christ through despair. Fair enough, it his personal experience. In a later anecdote he puzzles at how a desperate pair of parents has turned to a faith healer to treat their cancer-stricken child. I puzzle at how he fail to see parallels between himself and the parents; turning to something and someone in their darkest times.
I was disappointed in the writer’s chapter discussing the perennial problem of “evil” in the presence of an all-powerful and loving God. Instead of answering the question, the writer reasons that since “evil” exists, its counterpart “good” must exist. Since “good” exists, a source of “good”, i.e. a God must exist. This reasoning raises some questions. By extending the writers logic, should there not be a supernatural entity as a source of “evil”? If the Devil, or a source of “evil” exists, why is it permitted so by God? The writer does not address these questions. Dichotomizing “good” and “evil” oversimplifies things. For a start one has to define “good” and “evil”. To me evil is volitional; like genocide and torture. Illness, infirmity, loss; these things cause suffering but they can hardly be regarded as evil. Not everything is good or evil, there is a lot in between and there is a lot that are neither. Even excluding a lot of that is not strictly “evil”, the writer still does not address why evil exists. In this respect, I feel the Buddhist thought on suffering and unsatisfactoriness, “dukkha” to be more sophisticated and all encompassing.
One of the writers claims is that Jesus was unique in claiming to be the way to salvation. Since his claim is unique his claim must then be true. Uniqueness is not sufficient grounds for truth. Say I were to create a religion where God is a Flying Spaghetti Monster living in a Teapot orbiting the Sun between Earth and Mercury, who sends prophets in the form on Invisible Pink Unicorns; my claims will be very unique but that does not make it true! And if, as the writer implies, that uniqueness equals truth, then Buddhism has a greater claim to the truth since it’s an atheistic religion!
For a book with images of the Buddha and Hindu deities on the cover, it touches only very briefly on comparative religious studies. I know little of Hinduism, but I’m not sure if Deepak Chopra is the most appropriate Hindu source to quote. Back to the question of evil or more appropriate suffering; the writer states that the Buddhist view is that suffering arises from “kamma” or actions that generates outcomes, triggers further karma and enters a self-perpetuating cycle. The writer then asks; if every action arises from a previous action, then what was the first action which started the whole thing? Surely this would be an “infinite regress”, or as the writer quotes another apologist, trying to jump out of an infinitely deep hole? Fair question but I feel the writer misunderstands the Buddhist view on the origin of “dukkha”. “Dukkha” arises due to dependent origination; the chief prerequisite of ignorance (avijja) on the ultimate reality; this leads to the entire morass of existence and dukkha. Ignorant of the ultimate reality we cling and crave the impermenant (anicca) Kamma, wholesome or unwholesome, then affects outcomes that we receive for example our rebirth.
Funny the writer should bring up “infinite regress”; this is equally applicable to the age-old question of creation. If everything, as a theist maintains, needs to be created by a Creator then who created the Creators Creator, and the Creators Creators Creator ad infinitum?
Other little bits for me to pick on; the writer describes the Hindu festival of Thaipusam (where devotees pierce their skins with hooks) as a “strange belief”. One can say the same about some traditions in Christianity for example reenactments of the Crucifixion or veneration of saintly relics. The writer quotes an example of Christmas in the trenches of the WWI, were British and German soldiers laid arms the night and sang carols and marvels that “..even the thought of God's presence could stop the killing on that night” but fails to consider how the thought of God’s presence did not prevent the war at the first place, or countless other wars before, or some wars fought in Gods name.
Overall it’s more apologia than academia. The target audience I suspect are those who want to dip their toes in other religions, but feel to safe doing so to have their faith affirmed. It does not satisfy the slightly more critical and inquisitive reader, Christian or not.