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Gajapati Kapilendra Deva
This book discusses Kapilendra Deva, the founder of the Suryavamsi Gajapati dynasty of Odisha. Kapilendra ruled in the 15th century and became the greatest Hindu conqueror of that period. He was a warrior king and converted his small kingdom into a huge empire through military conquest. At his peak, his empire extended along the east coast from Jharkhand and Hooghly River of West Bengal in the north to Rameswaram of Tamil Nadu in south. He successfully fought against sultanates of Bengal, Jaunpur, Malwa, Bahmani and Hindu kingdoms of Reddi and Vijayanagar. Odisha saw a great social, cultural, linguistic and religious revival during his reign. The author has done an in-depth analysis of the life of Kapilendra Deva and presented it in a structured manner for the benefit of both serious and general readers.
- GenresHistory
300 pages, Paperback
Published January 1, 2023
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October 29, 2023
First would like to thank Author Sri Nihar Ranjan Nanda for this book and @Subbupublications for sending it.
Started off as a fast paced read with busy travel and work schedule had been very slow on finishing. Somehow completed it today.
Gajapati Kapilendra Deva
Gajapati which was earlier used by other kings who ruled the part of modern day Odisha literally means: Lord of the elephants. As this kingdom had a large population of elephant forces.
Coming to the content: Well I heard for the first time about an empire that existed right beside the mighty Vijayanagara/Karnataka Empire in the 15th Century on a Social media platform. Yes I said it right.
Since academia doesn’t have any interest in showing Hindu resistance in our textbooks never had the chance to know about them except a few Hindu empires in footnotes. When author asked to read his work I was obviously thrilled.
Writing style: Though he is not a Professional writer. This is in fact an amateur write up of an History enthusiast but hopefully he will be a promising author in coming years.
Having said that there are many grammatical errors and I found it bit odd with AD and BC references. Since we have shed that part of looking our history in the Christian context.
Research: Looks like he has done a fabulous job. Has gone through a large amount of sources from across Odisha region. Be it inscriptions, literary sources of other scholars and even non contemporary scholars who came long after the end of this empire at the same time debunking wrong information. A well researched work.
The Man himself: There was a huge turmoil and invasions of Turukka enemies happening across Odisha. Dharma was declining people decided to overthrow a weak king like Bhanudeva and install a worthy successor Kapilendra on the throne. Here starts the 32 year old reign of a brave Hindu warrior who took a small dynasty with mere 5-6 territories in his hand to a empire in its zenith ranging from Ganga of Hoogly to Jharkhand in the northeast to Rameshwaram in the south. He never had the backing of a huge dynasty apart from being in the army of Bhanudeva. Only one power that supported till the end was none other than Supreme Lord of Odisha himself Puri Jagannatha.
Though there very less data on his administrative achievements. It is filled with more of conquests on Turkukka kingdoms and capturing which was once theirs.
Like rest of the Hindu kings he was fond of building 100s of temples which exist even today. All the sects of Sanatana tradition thrived here.
I always wondered why was there constant conflict between Hindu kings. Why could they all have joined hands together against modern Asuras. Author has given a valid argument here. I guess we will never know
What outcome would have happened with them working together.
End credits: Raja Kapilendra Deva even with all the odds against him stood rock solid and reached heights single handedly.
He is no less compared to Kings like Krishnadevaraya or Shivaji Maharaj.
I hope more works on the kingdom of Gajapati and history of Odisha the least explored state will see limelight in future.
While reading one thing I observed was similarities of culture and traditions across Bharat mainly my state of Karnataka. Even with all language differences we are intertwined what still baffles me.
Chanting Glory to #JaishreeRam here I conclude.
Started off as a fast paced read with busy travel and work schedule had been very slow on finishing. Somehow completed it today.
Gajapati Kapilendra Deva
Gajapati which was earlier used by other kings who ruled the part of modern day Odisha literally means: Lord of the elephants. As this kingdom had a large population of elephant forces.
Coming to the content: Well I heard for the first time about an empire that existed right beside the mighty Vijayanagara/Karnataka Empire in the 15th Century on a Social media platform. Yes I said it right.
Since academia doesn’t have any interest in showing Hindu resistance in our textbooks never had the chance to know about them except a few Hindu empires in footnotes. When author asked to read his work I was obviously thrilled.
Writing style: Though he is not a Professional writer. This is in fact an amateur write up of an History enthusiast but hopefully he will be a promising author in coming years.
Having said that there are many grammatical errors and I found it bit odd with AD and BC references. Since we have shed that part of looking our history in the Christian context.
Research: Looks like he has done a fabulous job. Has gone through a large amount of sources from across Odisha region. Be it inscriptions, literary sources of other scholars and even non contemporary scholars who came long after the end of this empire at the same time debunking wrong information. A well researched work.
The Man himself: There was a huge turmoil and invasions of Turukka enemies happening across Odisha. Dharma was declining people decided to overthrow a weak king like Bhanudeva and install a worthy successor Kapilendra on the throne. Here starts the 32 year old reign of a brave Hindu warrior who took a small dynasty with mere 5-6 territories in his hand to a empire in its zenith ranging from Ganga of Hoogly to Jharkhand in the northeast to Rameshwaram in the south. He never had the backing of a huge dynasty apart from being in the army of Bhanudeva. Only one power that supported till the end was none other than Supreme Lord of Odisha himself Puri Jagannatha.
Though there very less data on his administrative achievements. It is filled with more of conquests on Turkukka kingdoms and capturing which was once theirs.
Like rest of the Hindu kings he was fond of building 100s of temples which exist even today. All the sects of Sanatana tradition thrived here.
I always wondered why was there constant conflict between Hindu kings. Why could they all have joined hands together against modern Asuras. Author has given a valid argument here. I guess we will never know
What outcome would have happened with them working together.
End credits: Raja Kapilendra Deva even with all the odds against him stood rock solid and reached heights single handedly.
He is no less compared to Kings like Krishnadevaraya or Shivaji Maharaj.
I hope more works on the kingdom of Gajapati and history of Odisha the least explored state will see limelight in future.
While reading one thing I observed was similarities of culture and traditions across Bharat mainly my state of Karnataka. Even with all language differences we are intertwined what still baffles me.
Chanting Glory to #JaishreeRam here I conclude.
November 4, 2023
Mr. Nihar Ranjan Nanda’s “Gajapati Kapilendra Deva” stands as a beacon in Indian historiography, breathing life into the remarkable legacy of Odia Emperor, Gajapati Goudeshwara Nabakoti Karnata Kalabargeshwara Biradhibirarabara Sangrame Sahasra Bahu, Trikalingadhipati, Kanchi Kaveri Adhipati, Bhramarabara Mahapatra, Rautaraya Kapilendra Deva.
In the early 15th century, much of the Indian subcontinent lay under the oppressive rule of Tuko-Afghans and other forces from Central and Western Asia, resulting in widespread destruction and suffering for the natives. It was during this critical period, blessed by Mahaprabhu Shree Jagannatha, that a Suryavanshi Samrat emerged, illuminating the Indian sky like a resurgent sun dispelling hostile clouds. This visionary leader not only restored Odisha's sovereignty but also effectively quelled the ruthless forces, safeguarding a majority of the Indian population from their brutal oppression. He reinstated the suppressed Indic strength and valor, rising to become the most formidable king of 15th century India, presiding over an astonishingly vast kingdom and commanding one of the mightiest armies. All of this, despite formidable adversaries like the Sultanates of Bengal, Jaunpur, Malwa, Bahamani, Deccan, and simultaneous conflicts with the formidable Vijayanagar empire.
For the first time, the pages of history have been rewritten, giving due reverence to this towering figure. For the first in a very bold and brave way someone stands tall with facts and logics from an Odia perspective.
The writer’s extensive research is evident as he navigates through diverse angles, not just the inscription but going beyond it. Exploring not just the Madala Panji and Chakada, but also delving into other invaluable resources like Jagannatha Kaifiyat and Gangavansanucharitam, Burhan-a-Mashhir and a few more. In a rare display of dedication, the writer leaves no stone unturned, meticulously examining not only suryavanshi inscriptions but every available contemporary records. Not just mere quoting the inscriptions but putting his mind and soul to develop a solid logic behind his deductions from the same. Many Medieval and late medieval texts serve as secondary references, enriching the narrative.
The author masterfully weaves in compelling perspectives, underpinned by robust logic, unraveling the enigmatic backdrop of the suryavanshi period, Kapilendra Deva’s lineage, and his famous epithets. Every geopolitical event of that era is dissected, from the wars to the diplomacy, the betrayals to the heroism, painting a vivid tapestry of Odia martial dominance.
This book is more than a recounting of battles; it’s a celebration of Odia language flourishing, spirituality soaring, and economy prospering. The administration ran like a well-oiled machine, and the writer ensures that no detail is left unaddressed, guiding readers seamlessly from the outset.
As someone who yearned for a book of this caliber a decade ago, witnessing fresh enthusiasts gain this knowledge in a matter of days is awe-inspiring.
For every Odia, it is a duty to possess and cherish this treasure trove of history. Common guys it is the time to shower support to a fellow Odia who deserves it. If even after all this, you hesitate to propagate your history, who else will help you here ?
For Indians beyond Odisha, it’s a piece of your heritage too waiting to be embraced and propagated. Give it a chance. Do read it. Feel the pumps and pride it will share with you.
This book transcends borders, offering a window into the extraordinary rise of a Hindu clan in the medieval era in just three decades, despite of deadly multi directional attacks from every possible enemy in every possible way from every possible direction all thanks to uncommon unity of a clan and capable leadership of their King. It is an anthem to the potential that lies within individuals of humble beginnings.
In a world inundated with stories, The book “Gajapati Kapilendra Deva” by Mr Nihar Ranjan Nanda stands tall, a testament to the power of meticulous research, profound understanding, and an unwavering passion for history. A time when still an Odia outside Odisha faces regularly the million dollar question of where is Odisha, this is not merely a book; it’s an invitation to partake in a legacy that reverberates through time. Embrace it, share it, and be forever changed by its brilliance.
ଜୟ ଜଗନ୍ନାଥ
ବନ୍ଦେ ଉତ୍କଳ ଜନନୀ
ବନ୍ଦେ ମାତରମ୍
In the early 15th century, much of the Indian subcontinent lay under the oppressive rule of Tuko-Afghans and other forces from Central and Western Asia, resulting in widespread destruction and suffering for the natives. It was during this critical period, blessed by Mahaprabhu Shree Jagannatha, that a Suryavanshi Samrat emerged, illuminating the Indian sky like a resurgent sun dispelling hostile clouds. This visionary leader not only restored Odisha's sovereignty but also effectively quelled the ruthless forces, safeguarding a majority of the Indian population from their brutal oppression. He reinstated the suppressed Indic strength and valor, rising to become the most formidable king of 15th century India, presiding over an astonishingly vast kingdom and commanding one of the mightiest armies. All of this, despite formidable adversaries like the Sultanates of Bengal, Jaunpur, Malwa, Bahamani, Deccan, and simultaneous conflicts with the formidable Vijayanagar empire.
For the first time, the pages of history have been rewritten, giving due reverence to this towering figure. For the first in a very bold and brave way someone stands tall with facts and logics from an Odia perspective.
The writer’s extensive research is evident as he navigates through diverse angles, not just the inscription but going beyond it. Exploring not just the Madala Panji and Chakada, but also delving into other invaluable resources like Jagannatha Kaifiyat and Gangavansanucharitam, Burhan-a-Mashhir and a few more. In a rare display of dedication, the writer leaves no stone unturned, meticulously examining not only suryavanshi inscriptions but every available contemporary records. Not just mere quoting the inscriptions but putting his mind and soul to develop a solid logic behind his deductions from the same. Many Medieval and late medieval texts serve as secondary references, enriching the narrative.
The author masterfully weaves in compelling perspectives, underpinned by robust logic, unraveling the enigmatic backdrop of the suryavanshi period, Kapilendra Deva’s lineage, and his famous epithets. Every geopolitical event of that era is dissected, from the wars to the diplomacy, the betrayals to the heroism, painting a vivid tapestry of Odia martial dominance.
This book is more than a recounting of battles; it’s a celebration of Odia language flourishing, spirituality soaring, and economy prospering. The administration ran like a well-oiled machine, and the writer ensures that no detail is left unaddressed, guiding readers seamlessly from the outset.
As someone who yearned for a book of this caliber a decade ago, witnessing fresh enthusiasts gain this knowledge in a matter of days is awe-inspiring.
For every Odia, it is a duty to possess and cherish this treasure trove of history. Common guys it is the time to shower support to a fellow Odia who deserves it. If even after all this, you hesitate to propagate your history, who else will help you here ?
For Indians beyond Odisha, it’s a piece of your heritage too waiting to be embraced and propagated. Give it a chance. Do read it. Feel the pumps and pride it will share with you.
This book transcends borders, offering a window into the extraordinary rise of a Hindu clan in the medieval era in just three decades, despite of deadly multi directional attacks from every possible enemy in every possible way from every possible direction all thanks to uncommon unity of a clan and capable leadership of their King. It is an anthem to the potential that lies within individuals of humble beginnings.
In a world inundated with stories, The book “Gajapati Kapilendra Deva” by Mr Nihar Ranjan Nanda stands tall, a testament to the power of meticulous research, profound understanding, and an unwavering passion for history. A time when still an Odia outside Odisha faces regularly the million dollar question of where is Odisha, this is not merely a book; it’s an invitation to partake in a legacy that reverberates through time. Embrace it, share it, and be forever changed by its brilliance.
ଜୟ ଜଗନ୍ନାଥ
ବନ୍ଦେ ଉତ୍କଳ ଜନନୀ
ବନ୍ଦେ ମାତରମ୍
November 28, 2023
तेजसां न वयः समीक्ष्यते
“Gajapati Kapilendra Deva: The History Of The Greatest Hindu Conqueror Of 15th Century India” epitomizes the forgotten history of late Indian medieval period. History of the Suryavanshi Kingdom of Ganga Gajapatis called as the Gajapati Kingdom which was reigned by one of the greatest of all time, Gajapati Kapilendra Deva (also known as Kapileswara).
Nihar Ranjan Nanda, the author, is a professional software engineer employed in MNC. A history enthusiast & a passionate book geek who observes socio-economic conditions of the state and writes regularly on various platforms. His absorption capabilities are well reflected in his new book.
This book traverse through the life and times of Kapilendra all the way from his coronation to his peak dominance in the region. A king who was not a royal blood, who didn’t belong to a royal lineage, but rose to power & established one of the biggest hindu kingdom of all time expanded from whopping east coast from Jharkhand in north to Rameswaram of Tamil Nadu in south. A geographical area which happened to be the largest one to be ever ruled by a Hindu King.
Getting into details, the book is expanded into 21 chapters where the first 4 chapters are exclusively setting a background for the historiography in the next chapters. The initial four serves you the introduction, analysis of the sources used, backdrop into the contemporary neighbouring kingdoms which possessed threat to the reign and in last, showers light over the last days of Eastern Ganga Rule which was later overturned by Kapilendra Deva leaving ways open to establish the Gajapati Kingdom.
This proper recounting of events and sources in initial four chapters set a background for the readers to process further upcoming chapters which gives a solid spine to the book & provides it a historicity. It also makes the book a viable source to be used as a reference book for people interested in further researches on the topic.
Early 15th century India was a theatre of battles and continuous onslaught of Islamic Imperialism led by tyrannical dominions of Turko-Afghan Muslims which induced suffering & brutalities upon natives, especially Hindus. Amidst savageries, Kapilendra Deva, who was initially positioned as a Minister to Bhanudeva IV (last ganga king), usurped power with the support of noble brahmins utilising discontent among masses over Bhanudeva’s fainted response to external aggression. This coup occurred during the most miserable times of the Odishan Kingdom.
The Ganga Rule prior to Gajapati turned out as a failure & lost the odishan lands at the hands of Reddis backed by Vijayanagar Kingdom in all directions. Muslim enemies from Bengal, Jaunpur, Bahmani & Malwa Sultanate possessed an another threat to the capital. However, despite external aggressions, Kapilendra chose to neutralise internal discontents among feudatories who were loyal to the early Ganga Throne.
He swiftly crushed insurrection from the Samanta Rajas and sent his sword of conquest across the kingdom. Kapilendra’s acquisition of throne was a necessary deed to act as a bulwark to Islamic onslaughts and safeguarding Odia Culture & Temple of Mahaprabhu Jagannatha from alien influence. While the worship in Jagannath Temple left unharmed, few temple festivals did receive some interruptions because of precariousness in internal polity while vicinal lands were continued to become battlefields for the belongings. Examining the devlopments done by the Reddis and Vijayanagar Kingdom, author did consider a genuine question of why Hindu Kings did not form an alliance to counter Islamists on the soil.
The first reason could be lack of brotherhood among Hindu Kingdoms. This comradeship is still missing among Hindus in 21st Century. Second could be the possibility of failure even if Hindu Kings formed an alliance. Reason being the Muslim Ummah. Muslims are religiously glued to each other. Back in the time, considering threat, they would have soughted help from Islamic Kingdoms beyond India for deterrence to Hindus. We have had seen such instances during the times of Maratha-Mughal clash which although choked later.
Further dealing with the Kingdom of Vijayanagar & Bahmani Sultanate, Kapilendra did a campaign against them where he conquered lands till their capitals—Hampi and Bidar. Author cited sources which back his comprehensive justification for these two vital campaigns of Kapilendra. Bengal regime had crumbled too before the might of Kapilendra. Construction of Kapileswara Temple, a Shaivite Temple in Bhubaneswar signifies his occupation on the territory. For the campaigns of Kapilendra against Malwa & Delhi, it appeared as conjecture. Maybe some more extensive research will throw some light over this devlopment.
Author is not a professionally trained historian as aforementioned. But still he managed to write a book on a subject which was never into the mainstream before and unfolds a new portion of History. He has navigated through various sources including Literary Texts penned in different languages like Sanskrit, Odia, Telugu, Tamil and etc, he quoted Epigraphic records along with Travelogues of Portuguese & Muslim travellers. For exaggerations, he has spent time writing a separate paragraph which results out as a clear, transparent & balanced presentation. Usage of Conjecture were intentional to match deficiencies in the literature but the author mentions it openly without any hesitation.
Whatever being said, we must acknowledge that Kapilendra’s emergence as a powerful Hindu King did dispel hostile clouds of alien oppressors and did serve to the preservence of Odia Culture, History, Religion & Polity. For people of Odisha, this book is a moment to cherish the heritage of their divine land and for people living beyond the borders of Odisha, this book opens up a new passage for them. Brings them an entirely new perspective for looking towards their cultural heritage and resistance to onslaughts. The book is recommended and I expect my reader community to provide this book a space on their shelves and promote it to the masses as words are meant to be spread.
“Gajapati Kapilendra Deva: The History Of The Greatest Hindu Conqueror Of 15th Century India” epitomizes the forgotten history of late Indian medieval period. History of the Suryavanshi Kingdom of Ganga Gajapatis called as the Gajapati Kingdom which was reigned by one of the greatest of all time, Gajapati Kapilendra Deva (also known as Kapileswara).
Nihar Ranjan Nanda, the author, is a professional software engineer employed in MNC. A history enthusiast & a passionate book geek who observes socio-economic conditions of the state and writes regularly on various platforms. His absorption capabilities are well reflected in his new book.
This book traverse through the life and times of Kapilendra all the way from his coronation to his peak dominance in the region. A king who was not a royal blood, who didn’t belong to a royal lineage, but rose to power & established one of the biggest hindu kingdom of all time expanded from whopping east coast from Jharkhand in north to Rameswaram of Tamil Nadu in south. A geographical area which happened to be the largest one to be ever ruled by a Hindu King.
Getting into details, the book is expanded into 21 chapters where the first 4 chapters are exclusively setting a background for the historiography in the next chapters. The initial four serves you the introduction, analysis of the sources used, backdrop into the contemporary neighbouring kingdoms which possessed threat to the reign and in last, showers light over the last days of Eastern Ganga Rule which was later overturned by Kapilendra Deva leaving ways open to establish the Gajapati Kingdom.
This proper recounting of events and sources in initial four chapters set a background for the readers to process further upcoming chapters which gives a solid spine to the book & provides it a historicity. It also makes the book a viable source to be used as a reference book for people interested in further researches on the topic.
Early 15th century India was a theatre of battles and continuous onslaught of Islamic Imperialism led by tyrannical dominions of Turko-Afghan Muslims which induced suffering & brutalities upon natives, especially Hindus. Amidst savageries, Kapilendra Deva, who was initially positioned as a Minister to Bhanudeva IV (last ganga king), usurped power with the support of noble brahmins utilising discontent among masses over Bhanudeva’s fainted response to external aggression. This coup occurred during the most miserable times of the Odishan Kingdom.
The Ganga Rule prior to Gajapati turned out as a failure & lost the odishan lands at the hands of Reddis backed by Vijayanagar Kingdom in all directions. Muslim enemies from Bengal, Jaunpur, Bahmani & Malwa Sultanate possessed an another threat to the capital. However, despite external aggressions, Kapilendra chose to neutralise internal discontents among feudatories who were loyal to the early Ganga Throne.
He swiftly crushed insurrection from the Samanta Rajas and sent his sword of conquest across the kingdom. Kapilendra’s acquisition of throne was a necessary deed to act as a bulwark to Islamic onslaughts and safeguarding Odia Culture & Temple of Mahaprabhu Jagannatha from alien influence. While the worship in Jagannath Temple left unharmed, few temple festivals did receive some interruptions because of precariousness in internal polity while vicinal lands were continued to become battlefields for the belongings. Examining the devlopments done by the Reddis and Vijayanagar Kingdom, author did consider a genuine question of why Hindu Kings did not form an alliance to counter Islamists on the soil.
The first reason could be lack of brotherhood among Hindu Kingdoms. This comradeship is still missing among Hindus in 21st Century. Second could be the possibility of failure even if Hindu Kings formed an alliance. Reason being the Muslim Ummah. Muslims are religiously glued to each other. Back in the time, considering threat, they would have soughted help from Islamic Kingdoms beyond India for deterrence to Hindus. We have had seen such instances during the times of Maratha-Mughal clash which although choked later.
Further dealing with the Kingdom of Vijayanagar & Bahmani Sultanate, Kapilendra did a campaign against them where he conquered lands till their capitals—Hampi and Bidar. Author cited sources which back his comprehensive justification for these two vital campaigns of Kapilendra. Bengal regime had crumbled too before the might of Kapilendra. Construction of Kapileswara Temple, a Shaivite Temple in Bhubaneswar signifies his occupation on the territory. For the campaigns of Kapilendra against Malwa & Delhi, it appeared as conjecture. Maybe some more extensive research will throw some light over this devlopment.
Author is not a professionally trained historian as aforementioned. But still he managed to write a book on a subject which was never into the mainstream before and unfolds a new portion of History. He has navigated through various sources including Literary Texts penned in different languages like Sanskrit, Odia, Telugu, Tamil and etc, he quoted Epigraphic records along with Travelogues of Portuguese & Muslim travellers. For exaggerations, he has spent time writing a separate paragraph which results out as a clear, transparent & balanced presentation. Usage of Conjecture were intentional to match deficiencies in the literature but the author mentions it openly without any hesitation.
Whatever being said, we must acknowledge that Kapilendra’s emergence as a powerful Hindu King did dispel hostile clouds of alien oppressors and did serve to the preservence of Odia Culture, History, Religion & Polity. For people of Odisha, this book is a moment to cherish the heritage of their divine land and for people living beyond the borders of Odisha, this book opens up a new passage for them. Brings them an entirely new perspective for looking towards their cultural heritage and resistance to onslaughts. The book is recommended and I expect my reader community to provide this book a space on their shelves and promote it to the masses as words are meant to be spread.
December 14, 2023
Gajapati Kapilendra Deva by Nihar Ranjan Nanda is a scholarly work that delves into the life and times of one of Odisha's prominent historical figures, Gajapati Kapilendra Deva. The book begins by setting the historical context of the 15th century, providing readers with a nuanced understanding of the socio-political landscape during Kapilendra Deva's reign. This book meticulously details Kapilendra Deva's military campaigns, political strategies, and cultural contributions, shedding light on his dynamic leadership. The author meticulously traces Kapilendra Deva's early life, examining the circumstances that shaped his character and leadership qualities. Author skillfully weaves together primary sources and historical accounts, offering a comprehensive understanding of the ruler's multifaceted legacy. What sets this book apart is its accessibility. While grounded in rigorous historical research. The writing style is both engaging and scholarly, making the book accessible to a wide audience. The maps and illustrations included in the book further enhance the reading experience, aiding in visualizing the geographical aspects of the campaigns. In conclusion it stands as a commendable contribution to the historical literature of the region.
December 14, 2023
A very good book on Gajapati Kapilendradeva. The book has some new infornation on the life of Kapilendradeva. Well researched.
October 7, 2023
Odisha is a land gifted with vast natural resources and scenic beauty of varying nature such as the sea, lakes, forests and hills. Its fame in history is sealed by one of the oldest battles in India fought by Ashoka against Kalingas. However, after this episode, Odisha undergoes a long eclipse in history which lasts for several centuries. This is caused in a large measure by the cabal of liberal historians who believe that medieval India rose with the Delhi sultanate and ended with the Mughals with nothing in between. Numerous Indian monarchs ruled many parts of India, often humbling the sultans, but they are much too frequently relegated to the footnotes and appendices of mainstream history. A sustained effort to cast light on these dark pages of Indian history is the need of the hour and it is heartening to take note of this contribution of a young author to this great cause. This book brings to life Gajapati Kapilendra Deva who ruled Odisha in the fifteenth century and conquered a large territory by incessant wars which helped to check the relentless onslaught of Islamic imperialism. The idea behind the book is to depict Kapilendra Deva in a dispassionate way and make an unflustered assessment of the man which is accessible to ordinary readers. Nihar Ranjan Nanda is a software engineer by profession and is working in an MNC. He is a history enthusiast and writes on it regularly on various platforms. That he is an avid reader is proved by the extensive list of references used in preparing this book.
Kapilendra Deva did not belong to the royal lineage. He rose to become the minister of Ganga king Bhanudeva IV and usurped power with the help of nobles utilizing the discontent of the people on the king’s weak response to external aggression. Kapilendra faced unrest from vassals in the initial stages. He quickly overrode them and sent his sword of conquest in all directions. As per the book, his empire extended from Jharkhand in the north to Andhra in the south with a clear incursion into Tamil Nadu up to Rameswaram. The Suryavamsi Gajapati dynasty founded by him lasted for a century and ruled from Kataka (modern Cuttack). On military strength and extent of territory, Gajapati empire is on a par with Vijayanagar and Bahmanis. There are literary references of his conquest of Hampi and Bidar, their capital cities respectively. Nanda claims that the geographical area ruled by Kapilendra was the largest under a Hindu king. Only the Marathas would excel him on this count a few centuries later.
The author depends on many sources for this pioneering effort of historiography such as records of donatives, literary texts in various languages, epigraphic records and travelogues of Portuguese and Muslim travelers and tradesmen. Exaggerations found in these sources are denoted as such which leads to a balanced presentation. To provide context to the narrative, the author begins with an introduction of the neighbouring kingdoms and the reign of the last three rulers of the Ganga dynasty of Odisha. Nanda is a proud Odia, but in variance with the practice of local historians who always try to paint a glorious picture of their protagonists, takes a very professional approach in pruning out the impossible and maintaining the remaining as plausible. A clear advantage of the book is that it has examined many sources which were contemporary or immediately after the reign of Kapilendra Deva.
The book exposes a trait of Odia kings to use religion as a device of statecraft to gain legitimacy to their rule. Cleverness has always been an inalienable part of a politician’s survival toolkit. The Ganga ruler Anangabhima Deva III (1211-36 CE) made Puri Jagannatha the overlord of his kingdom and named it Purushottama Samrajya. He styled himself as the deputy (rauta) of the Lord. Later kings of other regions have also continued this custom. This bears a striking resemblance to Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma of Travancore, Kerala who ruled in the eighteenth century. He usurped his uncle’s throne and had to face stiff opposition from his cousins and the nobility. After assuming power, he surrendered the kingdom to the tutelary deity Sri Padmanabha, a manifestation of Lord Vishnu. He and his successors thereafter used the title of Sri Padmanabha Dasa (servants of Lord Padmanabha) to denote themselves. Kapilendra Deva also had to meet revolts from vassals. In fact, he was crowned at Bhubaneshwar as Cuttack was not deemed safe. He then declared that he became king at the Adesa (advice) of the Mahaprabhu Jagannath of Puri.
This book also analyses the role played by the Suryavamsi dynasty established by Kapilendra Deva in providing a bulwark against Islamic aggression from all sides and hence preventing the Odia culture from collapse. Even today, the Odia language has very little Persian or Arabic influence because of its lesser exposure to the conquerors’ tongues. However, some inscriptions in Tamil Nadu show that festivals in some temples could not be held during the Odia invasion. This has led some historians to surmise that they were also iconoclasts of the same genre as Muslim sultans. Nanda refutes this argument with convincing proof from other inscriptions. The temple festivals could not be held probably due to the unsettled condition of the local polity while a battle was in full swing in the neighbourhood to determine the destiny of the land. Even then, there is nothing to substantiate that worship was interrupted in these temples. On the other hand, several inscriptions from other temples in Tamil Nadu itself speak about the donation of cows, village grants and new offerings made to these temples by Odia king’s local governors. The author then considers the question of why Hindu kings did not ally with each other to fight Islamic invaders. The reason may be that the sense of brotherhood and oneness was not deep in Indian rulers at that time. Even Muslim sultans fought with each other even though the call of religion was much more powerful among them. The author suggests that even if the Hindu kings had cobbled up an alliance, the Muslims would have made a grander alliance to protect their religion. We have heard about the Shah of Persia offering help to Aurangzeb to track and hunt down Shivaji even though the Persians and Mughals were locked in combat over the province of Kandahar
The book claims that Kapilendra had campaigned against the very powerful kingdoms of Vijayanagar and Bahmani and conquered their capitals of Hampi and Bidar. A detailed justification for reaching this conclusion is cited from the sources. But still it sounds doubtful. At the same time, campaigns against the sultans of Malwa and Delhi are pure conjecture. In the case of Bengal, there is proof of construction of a temple signifying Kapilendra’s victory there. The book also includes an anecdote about the Bengal sultans and the reasons for their bitter resentment against Hindu kings. Raja Ganesh had ruled over Bengal in the fifteenth century. As he was very able and powerful, the Muslim nobles invited the sultan of neighboring Jaunpur to invade Bengal and get them rid of Ganesh. The raja was defeated in the battle which ensued. The victors allowed Ganesh to remain in his religion but insisted the crown prince Jadu to convert to Islam as a condition for ceasefire. After the Muslims left, Ganesh reconverted his son back to Hinduism with many rituals and paying huge sums to Brahmins. However, the Hindu nobles did not accept Jadu as one of their own. He became furious at this humiliation, became Muslim again and named himself Jalaluddin. He was the cruelest persecutor of Hindus. The lack of accommodating spirit and inclusiveness among Hindus also contributed to their downfall in the medieval period.
The author is not professionally trained in history, but this book is a great effort at creating history to fill up the missing links left behind by agenda-driven historians. The methods used by the author in narrating history are sturdy and scientific though the conclusions drawn may be open to question in some parts. Conjectures are also used to supply some deficiencies, but he explicitly mentions it as such. The author hopes that readers will learn something new about Kapilendra Deva in this book. This humble objective is more than achieved by this little piece of history which can be read easily. On the negative side, it must be indicated that it focuses only on political and military conquests in lieu of social, cultural or economic aspects. Scarcity of sources might be the reason behind this omission. The author consistently use the outdated acronym ‘AD’ to denote years instead of the more professional and secular usage of ‘CE’. The cover could have been a little more imaginative. It contains a graphic image of a king on top of a caparisoned elephant which makes the book look like an episode of ‘Amar Chitra Katha’. This is somewhat compensated by the silhouetted spire of the majestic Puri Jagannath temple and the stone sculpture of Kapilendra Deva.
The book is recommended.
Kapilendra Deva did not belong to the royal lineage. He rose to become the minister of Ganga king Bhanudeva IV and usurped power with the help of nobles utilizing the discontent of the people on the king’s weak response to external aggression. Kapilendra faced unrest from vassals in the initial stages. He quickly overrode them and sent his sword of conquest in all directions. As per the book, his empire extended from Jharkhand in the north to Andhra in the south with a clear incursion into Tamil Nadu up to Rameswaram. The Suryavamsi Gajapati dynasty founded by him lasted for a century and ruled from Kataka (modern Cuttack). On military strength and extent of territory, Gajapati empire is on a par with Vijayanagar and Bahmanis. There are literary references of his conquest of Hampi and Bidar, their capital cities respectively. Nanda claims that the geographical area ruled by Kapilendra was the largest under a Hindu king. Only the Marathas would excel him on this count a few centuries later.
The author depends on many sources for this pioneering effort of historiography such as records of donatives, literary texts in various languages, epigraphic records and travelogues of Portuguese and Muslim travelers and tradesmen. Exaggerations found in these sources are denoted as such which leads to a balanced presentation. To provide context to the narrative, the author begins with an introduction of the neighbouring kingdoms and the reign of the last three rulers of the Ganga dynasty of Odisha. Nanda is a proud Odia, but in variance with the practice of local historians who always try to paint a glorious picture of their protagonists, takes a very professional approach in pruning out the impossible and maintaining the remaining as plausible. A clear advantage of the book is that it has examined many sources which were contemporary or immediately after the reign of Kapilendra Deva.
The book exposes a trait of Odia kings to use religion as a device of statecraft to gain legitimacy to their rule. Cleverness has always been an inalienable part of a politician’s survival toolkit. The Ganga ruler Anangabhima Deva III (1211-36 CE) made Puri Jagannatha the overlord of his kingdom and named it Purushottama Samrajya. He styled himself as the deputy (rauta) of the Lord. Later kings of other regions have also continued this custom. This bears a striking resemblance to Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma of Travancore, Kerala who ruled in the eighteenth century. He usurped his uncle’s throne and had to face stiff opposition from his cousins and the nobility. After assuming power, he surrendered the kingdom to the tutelary deity Sri Padmanabha, a manifestation of Lord Vishnu. He and his successors thereafter used the title of Sri Padmanabha Dasa (servants of Lord Padmanabha) to denote themselves. Kapilendra Deva also had to meet revolts from vassals. In fact, he was crowned at Bhubaneshwar as Cuttack was not deemed safe. He then declared that he became king at the Adesa (advice) of the Mahaprabhu Jagannath of Puri.
This book also analyses the role played by the Suryavamsi dynasty established by Kapilendra Deva in providing a bulwark against Islamic aggression from all sides and hence preventing the Odia culture from collapse. Even today, the Odia language has very little Persian or Arabic influence because of its lesser exposure to the conquerors’ tongues. However, some inscriptions in Tamil Nadu show that festivals in some temples could not be held during the Odia invasion. This has led some historians to surmise that they were also iconoclasts of the same genre as Muslim sultans. Nanda refutes this argument with convincing proof from other inscriptions. The temple festivals could not be held probably due to the unsettled condition of the local polity while a battle was in full swing in the neighbourhood to determine the destiny of the land. Even then, there is nothing to substantiate that worship was interrupted in these temples. On the other hand, several inscriptions from other temples in Tamil Nadu itself speak about the donation of cows, village grants and new offerings made to these temples by Odia king’s local governors. The author then considers the question of why Hindu kings did not ally with each other to fight Islamic invaders. The reason may be that the sense of brotherhood and oneness was not deep in Indian rulers at that time. Even Muslim sultans fought with each other even though the call of religion was much more powerful among them. The author suggests that even if the Hindu kings had cobbled up an alliance, the Muslims would have made a grander alliance to protect their religion. We have heard about the Shah of Persia offering help to Aurangzeb to track and hunt down Shivaji even though the Persians and Mughals were locked in combat over the province of Kandahar
The book claims that Kapilendra had campaigned against the very powerful kingdoms of Vijayanagar and Bahmani and conquered their capitals of Hampi and Bidar. A detailed justification for reaching this conclusion is cited from the sources. But still it sounds doubtful. At the same time, campaigns against the sultans of Malwa and Delhi are pure conjecture. In the case of Bengal, there is proof of construction of a temple signifying Kapilendra’s victory there. The book also includes an anecdote about the Bengal sultans and the reasons for their bitter resentment against Hindu kings. Raja Ganesh had ruled over Bengal in the fifteenth century. As he was very able and powerful, the Muslim nobles invited the sultan of neighboring Jaunpur to invade Bengal and get them rid of Ganesh. The raja was defeated in the battle which ensued. The victors allowed Ganesh to remain in his religion but insisted the crown prince Jadu to convert to Islam as a condition for ceasefire. After the Muslims left, Ganesh reconverted his son back to Hinduism with many rituals and paying huge sums to Brahmins. However, the Hindu nobles did not accept Jadu as one of their own. He became furious at this humiliation, became Muslim again and named himself Jalaluddin. He was the cruelest persecutor of Hindus. The lack of accommodating spirit and inclusiveness among Hindus also contributed to their downfall in the medieval period.
The author is not professionally trained in history, but this book is a great effort at creating history to fill up the missing links left behind by agenda-driven historians. The methods used by the author in narrating history are sturdy and scientific though the conclusions drawn may be open to question in some parts. Conjectures are also used to supply some deficiencies, but he explicitly mentions it as such. The author hopes that readers will learn something new about Kapilendra Deva in this book. This humble objective is more than achieved by this little piece of history which can be read easily. On the negative side, it must be indicated that it focuses only on political and military conquests in lieu of social, cultural or economic aspects. Scarcity of sources might be the reason behind this omission. The author consistently use the outdated acronym ‘AD’ to denote years instead of the more professional and secular usage of ‘CE’. The cover could have been a little more imaginative. It contains a graphic image of a king on top of a caparisoned elephant which makes the book look like an episode of ‘Amar Chitra Katha’. This is somewhat compensated by the silhouetted spire of the majestic Puri Jagannath temple and the stone sculpture of Kapilendra Deva.
The book is recommended.
January 19, 2024
GAJAPATI KAPILENDRA DEVA: THE HISTORY OF THE GREATEST HINDU CONQUEST OF THE 15TH CENTURY By Nihar Ranjan Nanda
.
In a maze of history stories, there's a bright light shining on forgotten parts of late Indian medieval history in the book "Gajapati Kapilendra Deva: The History Of The Greatest Hindu Conqueror Of 15th Century India" by Nihar Ranjan Nanda. This book not only talks about the life and rule of Gajapati Kapilendra Deva but also brings back the overlooked stories of the Suryavanshi Kingdom of Ganga Gajapatis.
Nanda, who works as a software engineer and loves history, carefully tells the tale of Kapilendra Deva, a regular person who rose to power, facing challenges from Islamic Imperialism in 15th century India. The book has 21 chapters, with the first four setting a strong foundation by providing historical context and sources, making it a valuable resource for future research.
The author skillfully explores the chaotic political scene of early 15th-century India. Kapilendra Deva, initially a minister, took control amid external threats and internal discontent. The Ganga Rule had weakened, losing land to the Reddis supported by the Vijayanagar Kingdom. Muslim forces from Bengal, Jaunpur, Bahmani, and Malwa Sultanate added to the challenges. Kapilendra's rise to power was crucial to protect Odia culture and the revered Jagannath Temple from foreign influence.
Nanda critically examines the hurdles faced by Hindu kingdoms, questioning the absence of a united front against Islamist invasions. He suggests reasons, from a lack of unity among Hindu kingdoms to the cohesive nature of the Muslim Ummah. The author also raises thought-provoking questions about historical alliances and the dynamics of religious identity.
Kapilendra's significant campaigns against Vijayanagar, Bahmani Sultanate, Bengal, Malwa, and Delhi are highlighted as crucial events. The author supports these campaigns with historical accounts, uncovering conquests up to the capitals of Hampi and Bidar. The construction of the Kapileswara Temple in Bhubaneswar solidifies Kapilendra's territorial influence, while campaigns against Malwa and Delhi offer potential subjects for future research.
Despite not being a professional historian, Nanda weaves a comprehensive narrative by drawing from various sources, including literary texts in Sanskrit, Odia, Telugu, Tamil, epigraphic records, and travelogues. The book maintains transparency, openly acknowledging the use of conjecture to address gaps in historical literature.
In summary, "Gajapati Kapilendra Deva" goes beyond historical scholarship; it celebrates Odisha's vibrant cultural heritage and resistance against external threats. Whether you're from Odisha or beyond, the book provides a new outlook on cultural roots, encouraging readers to embrace and promote his rediscovered history. Nihar Ranjan Nanda's work, deserving of a spot on history enthusiasts' shelves, fosters a deeper understanding of India's diverse and resilient past.
.
In a maze of history stories, there's a bright light shining on forgotten parts of late Indian medieval history in the book "Gajapati Kapilendra Deva: The History Of The Greatest Hindu Conqueror Of 15th Century India" by Nihar Ranjan Nanda. This book not only talks about the life and rule of Gajapati Kapilendra Deva but also brings back the overlooked stories of the Suryavanshi Kingdom of Ganga Gajapatis.
Nanda, who works as a software engineer and loves history, carefully tells the tale of Kapilendra Deva, a regular person who rose to power, facing challenges from Islamic Imperialism in 15th century India. The book has 21 chapters, with the first four setting a strong foundation by providing historical context and sources, making it a valuable resource for future research.
The author skillfully explores the chaotic political scene of early 15th-century India. Kapilendra Deva, initially a minister, took control amid external threats and internal discontent. The Ganga Rule had weakened, losing land to the Reddis supported by the Vijayanagar Kingdom. Muslim forces from Bengal, Jaunpur, Bahmani, and Malwa Sultanate added to the challenges. Kapilendra's rise to power was crucial to protect Odia culture and the revered Jagannath Temple from foreign influence.
Nanda critically examines the hurdles faced by Hindu kingdoms, questioning the absence of a united front against Islamist invasions. He suggests reasons, from a lack of unity among Hindu kingdoms to the cohesive nature of the Muslim Ummah. The author also raises thought-provoking questions about historical alliances and the dynamics of religious identity.
Kapilendra's significant campaigns against Vijayanagar, Bahmani Sultanate, Bengal, Malwa, and Delhi are highlighted as crucial events. The author supports these campaigns with historical accounts, uncovering conquests up to the capitals of Hampi and Bidar. The construction of the Kapileswara Temple in Bhubaneswar solidifies Kapilendra's territorial influence, while campaigns against Malwa and Delhi offer potential subjects for future research.
Despite not being a professional historian, Nanda weaves a comprehensive narrative by drawing from various sources, including literary texts in Sanskrit, Odia, Telugu, Tamil, epigraphic records, and travelogues. The book maintains transparency, openly acknowledging the use of conjecture to address gaps in historical literature.
In summary, "Gajapati Kapilendra Deva" goes beyond historical scholarship; it celebrates Odisha's vibrant cultural heritage and resistance against external threats. Whether you're from Odisha or beyond, the book provides a new outlook on cultural roots, encouraging readers to embrace and promote his rediscovered history. Nihar Ranjan Nanda's work, deserving of a spot on history enthusiasts' shelves, fosters a deeper understanding of India's diverse and resilient past.
December 2, 2023
Due to the absolute betrayal of congress and the ramification of our curriculum, we have grown up learning about the glorification of Mughal tyrants whose only purpose of existence was brutal murder of Hindus. There are ample number of real heroes who just got lost in the sands of time . This book is a tribute or homage to one such ruler whose contribution to our Indic culture is immortalized due to the efforts of young authors like Nihal.
The book discusses Kapilendra Deva who was the founder of the Suryavamsi Gajapati dynasty of Odisha. He ruled in the 15th century and became the greatest Hindu conqueror of that period. He was literally a warrior who through relentless military conquest extended his kingdom along the whooping east coast from Jharkhand and Hooghly River of West Bengal in the north to Rameswaram of Tamil Nadu in south. Odisha saw a great social, cultural, linguistic and religious revival during his reign. What makes his legacy even greater is the fact that despite not hailing from a royal family he carved a niche for himself and managed to set an example to all his contemporaries.
The huge empire had a large force of elephants hence the name Gajapati and the cover also features the cute animal which readers might not make much sense of the reasoning behind at the beginning of the novel. The author has done a pretty good research and his efforts in going deep down even in the pettiest of details is clearly visible. Though on the literary front the book could have been better with the tools employed more profusely but his pure pious intentions are never in doubt. It feels so heartbreaking that we were never taught about such a great emperor whose contribution is no less than any other Hindu great . But with such authors coming forward the future seems promising.
Overall , a commendable effort by Nihal . Looking forward to more of his work.
The book discusses Kapilendra Deva who was the founder of the Suryavamsi Gajapati dynasty of Odisha. He ruled in the 15th century and became the greatest Hindu conqueror of that period. He was literally a warrior who through relentless military conquest extended his kingdom along the whooping east coast from Jharkhand and Hooghly River of West Bengal in the north to Rameswaram of Tamil Nadu in south. Odisha saw a great social, cultural, linguistic and religious revival during his reign. What makes his legacy even greater is the fact that despite not hailing from a royal family he carved a niche for himself and managed to set an example to all his contemporaries.
The huge empire had a large force of elephants hence the name Gajapati and the cover also features the cute animal which readers might not make much sense of the reasoning behind at the beginning of the novel. The author has done a pretty good research and his efforts in going deep down even in the pettiest of details is clearly visible. Though on the literary front the book could have been better with the tools employed more profusely but his pure pious intentions are never in doubt. It feels so heartbreaking that we were never taught about such a great emperor whose contribution is no less than any other Hindu great . But with such authors coming forward the future seems promising.
Overall , a commendable effort by Nihal . Looking forward to more of his work.
February 10, 2025
During a period when much of India faced Islamic conquest, Odisha bravely resisted, fiercely defending its cultural heritage. Following the decline of the Eastern Ganga dynasty, a formidable king, Gajapati Kapilendradeva, emerged during a turbulent era to revitalize Odisha's spirit. His empire rivaled, and in some periods exceeded, the size of the Delhi Sultanate, yet his story remains relatively unknown. From liberating Telangana from Islamic rule to safeguarding the sacred Puri Jagannath Temple, his accomplishments are remarkable. Learn more about this extraordinary ruler.
January 4, 2024
I know Nihar Ranjan Nanda through Goodreads. I saw the kind of books he reads to research for his books. I am so pleased that he wrote a book on Odia king Gajapati Kapilendra Deva. Our Academics ignored Odia history as if it is not part of India. The remarkable stories of our heroes who liberated people from oppressors have been neglected by historians. Kapilendra Deva, the founder of the Suryavamsi Gajapati dynasty, ruled over Odisha in the 15th Century.
Gajendra Kapilendra Deva is well-written, and the author, keeping in mind a readership not necessarily restricted to the academic, takes care to steer clear of jargon. He goes deep into detail, analyzing each of Deva's inscriptions to see how it offers insights into not just Deva’s psyche, but into the times he lived in. Kapilendra had a long reign of around 32 years from 1435 AD to 1467 AD. He ascended the throne of the kingdom of Odisha when it was at one of its weakest points and had shrunk to a mere few districts surrounding the capital Cuttack. In his long career, he was busy in continuous warfare in all directions defeating and conquering territories of the neighbouring kingdoms. By 1464-65 AD the kingdom of Odisha under his leadership became the largest Hindu kingdom of his time when the empire stretched from the North of modern-day Jharkhand state, Hooghly River in North-East to Rameswaram in the South. In the west, it stretched to Mahur Fort in Maharashtra and Telangana. Unlike the many invaders, the Gajapati Kapilendra Deva was committed to preserving culture and refrained from engaging in social degradation or cultural destruction. During the Gajapati Empire’s reign, Odia and surrounding regions experienced a flourishing economy. Cuttack became a huge city during the period of Kapilendra and started growing rapidly. As per one statistic, Cuttack became the 3rd largest city in India and 12th largest in the world. Within the book’s pages, the author acquaints readers with the illustrious rule of the Gajapati Kapilendra Deva's Kingdom.
This book has photographs maps, timeline, family tree, tables wherever necessary. This kinda book helps you in visualizing and understanding the narrative. For a lucid account of one of the most important personalities and period of Indian history, do read this book. The writer manages to create the era in front of your eyes with maps and so many other details. The book filled a gap in our historiography and opened some doors for history lovers. The contents are divided into twenty one chapters. This book also offers a comprehensive insight into this kingdom’s administration, military, literary work, religion and construction activities. I also appreciate the fact that this book provided maps of India and extensive footnotes which was quite helpful. I especially liked the Introduction, analysis of sources and contemporary neighboring Kingdoms chapters. It helps us in understanding the context of Odia history at that time.
Like Uday Kulkarni, Kedar Phalke and Venkatesh Rangan, Nihar Nanda is here to make his mark. He is here to stay. I hope to see more of his books in the future.
Gajendra Kapilendra Deva is well-written, and the author, keeping in mind a readership not necessarily restricted to the academic, takes care to steer clear of jargon. He goes deep into detail, analyzing each of Deva's inscriptions to see how it offers insights into not just Deva’s psyche, but into the times he lived in. Kapilendra had a long reign of around 32 years from 1435 AD to 1467 AD. He ascended the throne of the kingdom of Odisha when it was at one of its weakest points and had shrunk to a mere few districts surrounding the capital Cuttack. In his long career, he was busy in continuous warfare in all directions defeating and conquering territories of the neighbouring kingdoms. By 1464-65 AD the kingdom of Odisha under his leadership became the largest Hindu kingdom of his time when the empire stretched from the North of modern-day Jharkhand state, Hooghly River in North-East to Rameswaram in the South. In the west, it stretched to Mahur Fort in Maharashtra and Telangana. Unlike the many invaders, the Gajapati Kapilendra Deva was committed to preserving culture and refrained from engaging in social degradation or cultural destruction. During the Gajapati Empire’s reign, Odia and surrounding regions experienced a flourishing economy. Cuttack became a huge city during the period of Kapilendra and started growing rapidly. As per one statistic, Cuttack became the 3rd largest city in India and 12th largest in the world. Within the book’s pages, the author acquaints readers with the illustrious rule of the Gajapati Kapilendra Deva's Kingdom.
This book has photographs maps, timeline, family tree, tables wherever necessary. This kinda book helps you in visualizing and understanding the narrative. For a lucid account of one of the most important personalities and period of Indian history, do read this book. The writer manages to create the era in front of your eyes with maps and so many other details. The book filled a gap in our historiography and opened some doors for history lovers. The contents are divided into twenty one chapters. This book also offers a comprehensive insight into this kingdom’s administration, military, literary work, religion and construction activities. I also appreciate the fact that this book provided maps of India and extensive footnotes which was quite helpful. I especially liked the Introduction, analysis of sources and contemporary neighboring Kingdoms chapters. It helps us in understanding the context of Odia history at that time.
Like Uday Kulkarni, Kedar Phalke and Venkatesh Rangan, Nihar Nanda is here to make his mark. He is here to stay. I hope to see more of his books in the future.
January 26, 2024
Amazing book on Gajapati Kapilendra Deva. One of my friend gave this book to me as a gift.
Displaying 1 - 11 of 11 reviews