It’s difficult to believe that a series of sermons preached from 1955-1968 could still impact readers today. Yet, D. Martyn Lloyd-Jones’ multi-volume compilation of those sermons on Romans are exceedingly well-presented even for today’s readers and hearers. Romans: Exposition of Chapters 2:1-3:20: The Righteous Judgment of God is a volume that I purchased to aid me in my preparation of a sermon series on Romans which is not even scheduled to take 13 months, much less 13 years. Yet, Lloyd-Jones’ deliberate and methodical approach to this extended passage is an invaluable reference for both professionals and lay-persons.
Unfortunately, Lloyd-Jones does have rather a bias against modern scholarship. Said bias can be stated with one quotation from this volume: “That is why the higher critical movement of the last century has been such a terrible thing.” (p. 171) For all of the marvelous and insightful exposition of these passages in the rest of the book, our author throws the pickles out with the brine. Instead of celebrating the emphasis on the sitz im leben of form criticism and the usefulness of text and redaction criticism, he assumes (and you know what that makes out of you and me) that higher criticism’s purpose is to destroy the revelation of God rather than to sift it carefully. I realize that some treatments from “higher criticism” are so sterile and uninspiring that they seem to undermine an evangelistic approach, but Lloyd-Jones assumes that all scholarship is designed to the end of reducing confidence in the scripture. I don’t believe that is true.
The section of Romans (2:1-3:20) with which Lloyd-Jones is dealing in this volume has often been cited as evidence of Pauline antisemitism. As Lloyd-Jones elucidates, Paul isn’t presenting a one-sided case against the Jews of his day. Rather, Paul has dealt with generally pagan practices of the Gentiles in the first chapter but wants to weigh the Jews who do not know Jesus on the same scale as Gentiles who do not know Jesus. To show how Lloyd-Jones doesn’t take this as an attack, one should note that his application toward these verses demonstrates three points: 1)some of us (to which he includes both Calvinists and Armenians) tend to use the scripture to confirm our own prejudices; 2) we tend to put ourselves in special categories (as Paul’s readers/hearers did as Jew or Gentile), 3) we point our fingers at others (when we may be guilty ourselves) as what we would call today “whataboutism,” and 4) we tend to run away from the concept of “justification by faith” when we substitute other criteria for dependence upon God (pp. 9-10). Throughout the book, Lloyd-Jones refuses to allow people to look down their noses at Paul’s audience by applying the things Paul is arguing against to modern Christians of Lloyd-Jones’ mid-20th century. As for the charge of antisemitism against Paul, Lloyd-Jones spends plenty of emphasis on both the good and the bad of Paul’s emphasis of “the Jew first and then, the Gentile.” (p. 77)
From a 21st century perspective, watching the decay of the family unit and lack of respect for law and order, one had to agree with his illustrations for the judgment of God. We don’t like to think of God intervening in people’s lives with punishment, but to do otherwise would be to consider God like those irritating parents who are always threatening to punish their children if they don’t stop disobeying but never actually do anything. He follows that up with observations about countries where: “On paper they have a very fine legal system, but hey do not put it into practice, they have ways of avoiding it. Surely we tend to despise any such system.” (p. 48) Naturally, he applies these illustrations to both the rabbinic system of casuistry and then, urges his listeners/readers to recognize that a just, righteous God must punish sin “…lest in our ignorance and haste we be guilty of so describing God as o make Him contradict Himself, and, indeed, of having a contradiction at the very centre and heart of His own life and eternal being.” (p. 58)
One of the most valuable sections for me was found on pp. 110-111 when Lloyd-Jones reminds his readers of scriptural evidence for Jesus as the ultimate Judge (John 5:22, 26-29; Acts 17:30-31). He springboards from there to, “People are always ready to attack the character of God. They might say, ‘How can God judge us, He is so far removed, He is in heaven and we are on the earth? He does not understand human nature and human conditions and life in this world.’ The judgment is in the hands of One who has been through it all.” (p. 111)
Another really interesting section was where Lloyd-Jones dealt with hypocrisy. He seems to be a firm believer in the rule of threes because he gives us three descriptions of a hypocrite and three key actions of a hypocritie. He describes a hypocrite as: 1) one interested in only a general and theoretical (but not experiential) interest in truth (p. 144); 2) one who is too complacent to continue growing (“he is always resting on something”); and 3) one who is full of confidence, self-confidence, but is more focused on his capacity than “fear of the Lord” (p. 145). In a similar vein, the hypocrite: a) teaches and preaches to others but never to himself; b) is actually guilty of doing things that he tells other people not to do (p. 146); and c) dishonors God by breaking the law even though he talks so much about it (p. 147).
There is a disappointing aspect to Lloyd-Jones’ preaching in this volume. Several times he castigates people who question God as people guilty of cursing God (e.g. p. 212). I realize that he was trying to work with a phrase from the passage here, but what troubled me was the fact that he ignored the biblical tradition of contending with God. God honored Abraham for his intercession over Sodom and Gomorrah. God seems to have approved of Job’s honesty and that of the psalmist. Jeremiah seems to be presented as the honest prophet for his frank complaints regarding God. I am not saying that protesting to God cannot be as vile as Lloyd-Jones makes it in his sermon, but that is certainly not always the case. Indeed, he completely misses the fact that God tells the “comforters” that they were not honest in their faith talk like “His servant Job” when he focuses strictly on Job’s final response to God (p. 223).
I enjoy and benefit from the preaching and teaching of D. Martyn Lloyd-Jones, though I realize that we have agreement in substance but disagreement in nuance and methodology. There is a gap in time and tradition between us, but I am challenged and inspired by much of Romans: Exposition of Chapters 2:1-3:20: The Righteous Judgment of God and I expect to read (and in some cases, re-read) many of the other volumes in this mid-20th century sermon series on Romans.