Dispensationalism has always seemed arbitrary to me, the bifurcation or trifurcation of redemptive history into discrete segments. So, when I would say that Dr. David Martyn Lloyd-Jones is clearly dispensationalist, one might think that I would read something I would regard as more fruitful. Yet, I am engaged in reading through Lloyd-Jones’ prolific work on Romans and Romans: Atonement and Justification: Exposition of Chapters 3:20-4:25 is the volume I’ve most recently read. Of course, my biggest problem with dispensationalism is that its very structural conception undermines what I perceive as God’s consistency in providing for the salvation of all who believe.
So, I am perplexed when Lloyd-Jones expresses that consistency while undercutting it with the use of the word “dispensation.” For example, “I would suggest that the purpose of this fourth chapter is to show that under the Old Testament dispensation this way of salvation was not merely predicted, it was also God’s way of dealing with men, and saving them, at that time also.” (p. 155) Simply put, I don’t understand the use of dispensation in this way. Again, we find the same sentiment on pp. 156-157, including: “…men in all dispensations are saved in exactly the same way. It is the same covenant of grace under the Old Testament as it is under the New.” (p. 157) So, why artificially segment salvation history as dispensationalists do if it has no functional impact?
More of a problem is that his desire to differentiate the old covenant (dispensation) from the new covenant (dispensation) is rather overstated. For example, “The Old Testament animal sacrifices were not meant to affect man at all, they were directed toward God.” (p. 88) Isn’t that rather like saying that one’s confession of sin isn’t intended to affect you at all? After all, we are to direct out confession toward God, are we not? Yet, confession of sin is agreeing with God about the destructive, relationship-breaking, and death-dealing nature of sin. That agreement is intended to: 1) provide forgiveness, and 2) empower a desire not to do it anymore. It seems like the OT sacrifices did much the same thing: 1) demonstrating the deadly nature of sin and its high cost, ultimately, in death, and 2) providing a means of forgiveness/cleansing (yes, by faith) which would enable restoration of relationship with God (which with a certain amount of inconsistency, Lloyd-Jones gets to on p. 89).
I have great difficulties with Lloyd-Jones’ position (in agreement with Leon Morris’ position) on the necessity of “propitiation” over “expiation.” This volume, as does Morris’ The Apostolic Preaching of the Cross, seems to assume that one has to have an angry God who must be appeased in order to believe Jesus is our “substitute” taking our place. Both Lloyd-Jones and Morris assume that those who are offended by the pagan underpinning of propitiation in trying to pacify a contentious god do not believe in the wrath of God. I know I do. I believe God hates sin. I believe that knowing the destructive power of sin and what it does to human lives makes God angry. But I don’t believe that anger is directed at humans; I believe it is directed at the sin destroying a given human life. And yes, I believe that when God operates on sin, there is often collateral damage (usually as a result of humans resisting God much like a patient making things worse by disobeying her or his doctor). But I don’t find it helpful to picture God as a vengeful God who must be bribed to leave humans alone. I hear his concern about losing the emphasis on Jesus’ sacrifice on our behalf and the power of the spilling of our Lord’s blood. Still, isn’t his emphasis inconsistent when he writes: “…there cannot be a true relationship between God and man until that sin is expiated. But that is just another way of saying propitiation.” (p. 77)
Still, for all of my objections regarding his tendentious arguments on some matters, I greatly appreciated his insights on others. For example, on the major issue of faith, Lloyd-Jones hit on good points throughout the volume. Here are some of my favorites. “There is an aspect of faith of which it is true to say this, that faith is a kind of protest. All things seem to be against us.” (p. 27) His presentation of three elements of faith (knowledge, assent, and trust) was well-conceived (p. 45). Regarding faith’s role in salvation: “Faith is nothing but the instrument or the channel by which this righteousness of God in Christ becomes ours. It is not faith that saves us. What saves us is the Lord Jesus Christ and His perfect work.” (p. 120) Again, “Faith is always linked to an object. The object is the Lord Jesus Christ and His perfect work and His perfect righteousness; …” (p. 120) “Faith, if you like, is a kind of title-deed, and there is certainty in a title-deed.” (p. 213) I also liked his argument about degrees of faith from weak to strong (p. 226) with his clarification that the object of faith (God) is the same, but just as the essence of the oak is in a sapling, that sapling is not as strong as a mature oak (p. 228). I also enjoyed his reference to Hudson Taylor’s translation of “Have faith in God” from Mark 11:22 as “Hold on to the faithfulness of God.” (p. 234)
So, even though I have some reservations about the way he phrases and argues some aspects of his teaching, I feel like I benefit from these studies and plan to continue reading in this series.