Helpful sales book that shows how to sell better by asking the right questions at the right times. It's specific, with plenty of examples of what to say throughout the entire sales process. The approach is consultative and non-salesy. It's intended for high-ticket sales, whether products or services. The book is a bit repetitive.
Notes
Introduction: The “New” Question Based Selling
The best way to increase your probability of sales success is to decrease the risk of failure.
Which sales model/process/steps you follow isn't so important; what matters is how well you execute the steps.
Selling Intangibles
Top sales performers are often analytical and introspective, not highly positive and enthusiastic.
"The more emphatic a salesperson is, the more skeptical prospects tend to become."
"It's not the product that's the differentiator. It's not the company either. It's the value conveyed by the rep. … it's the intangible value being conveyed by effective salespeople that makes them successful."
Examples of intangible benefits salesperson can convey: integrity, honesty, thought leadership, competence, confidence, responsiveness, comfort level, humility, humor, experience, empathy, professionalism, customer focus.
Your ability to convey (not claim) many of these qualities in a short period of time is what gains customer's trust.
"Customers often perceive greater value when they think about not having key features or benefits. … Sometimes the best way to communicate something is to explain what happens in the absence of it."
"The most impactful way to express the true value of your solutions may be as simple as articulating the problem and then saying, 'We solve that!'"
"The first thing customers want to know is whether you understand their current goals, dilemma, or situation."
Expanding Your Value Proposition
Top sales performers are "good at turning latent needs into active needs, in order to increase the prospect's sense of urgency, which will ultimately increase their probability of success in making the sale."
The easiest way to increase a prospect's sense of urgency is to change their perspective. You can offer new info that causes them to take notice, or ask questions that uncover needs and help them discover how they could improve their condition.
Sample sales call for home security
Did you know that within a 5-mile radius of your home, the number of break-ins, theft, and violent crimes has nearly doubled in the last year?
6 incidents of criminal activity have been reported in your area in the last 90 days. That's why I'm calling. To protect people like you, our company has implemented a community-wide plan to eliminate these security breaches. Would you like to know how this plan works?
Through the end of next month, our company is offering a complimentary security evaluation - and there's no obligation to buy anything. We'll send one of our certified security experts to inspect your property and identify possible security risks. That way, you can minimize any temptations that might otherwise invite criminal activity.
"The play is no longer to try to uncover needs, but to facilitate a conversation where the salesperson raises potential issues and their implications." This helps customer recognize key points they may not have considered, and helps you gain credibility.
Before sales call, list the possible decision issues (topics important to customer). During sales call, bring up as many issues and implications as it takes to create enough interest and urgency to move the sale forward.
Gold Medals and German Shepherds
"Competence, credibility, expertise, and value will outsell over-eagerness [positivity, enthusiasm] every time."
"Most salespeople perform at their best when they are just being themselves. They appear more comfortable and sound more confident, which allows them to focus on delivering value rather than trying to be something they're not."
To increase value of offering, position benefits in terms of both positive rewards (benefits) and protection against potential negatives (problems, uncertainty, failure).
The Herd Theory
Prospects tend to dismiss the value of prearranged references. Of course you're going to give them only good references.
"Buyers are influenced more by the direction of their surrounding herd than by specific recommendations from individual references. Again, most prospects are reluctant to take the plunge just because someone else did. But they are definitely influenced when 'everyone else' seems to be moving in a certain direction."
Mismatching: The Avoidable Risk
Prospects and customers don't want to be contradicted, corrected, one-upped, or to be made to feel inadequate.
Ask questions rather than making statements, to decrease chance that prospect will disagree with you.
Reverse the positive: phrase your questions in a negative way to increase chances of getting a positive response. E.g., "Did I catch you at a bad time?" "Does the pricing make you nervous?"
Conversational Layering
Don't try to get prospects to answer questions, listen to your pitch, or make a buying decision. Make them want to answer questions, want to listen, want to buy.
Don't just ask good questions; create questions in prospect's mind in a way that challenges their thinking about you and your solutions.
Leveraging Curiosity in the Strategic Sale
"Making customers drink is not your job. Your job is to make them thirsty!" It's not your job to make them buy; it's to uncover opportunities, then pique the prospect's interest enough so they want to know more about your offerings.
Start probing for needs by asking, "Can I ask you a couple specific questions about _?"
Before offering a suggestion, ask, "Would you like to hear some feedback?"
Make prospect curious in messages you leave/send them. Say something like, "I have a question that only you can answer."
"Average sellers try to satisfy their prospect's curiosity. Top performers try to make prospects even more curious."
Establishing Your Own Credibility
Start with narrow, diagnostic, closed-ended questions to establish credibility, then broaden scope to open-ended questions about their thoughts, feelings, concerns.
Start presentations with diagnostic questions (e.g., "How many people in the audience …" "Raise your hand if …").
Don't start with questions about budget, decision timeframe, or anything else that sounds salesy. Establish credibility, then expand conversation into those qualifying questions.
Escalate the Value of Your Sales Questions
"Small talk might be good for building rapport, but it isn't nearly as valuable as big talk - focusing on key business issues."
Question escalation: Status, Issue, Implication, Solution.
Status Questions
Ask narrow questions to uncover specific information about prospect's current state. Examples: "How many servers do you run?" "How many users?"
Issue Questions
Ask broad questions to identify potential issues, problems, desires. Examples:
• What's the most significant business issue you currently face?
• What would you like to accomplish with this type of product?
• What other challenges do you foresee?
Ask, "To what extent is _ important?"
Probe for positive rewards and negative aversion (e.g., "Are you more interested in reducing expenses or increasing revenue?").
Implication Questions
Ask questions that get prospect to think about effects of issue on business or personal life. Examples:
• What would happen if …?
• How much is _ costing your company?
• How does downtime affect your customers?
• How do you mean?
Every time you uncover an issue, ask at least 3 Implication Questions. Rule of thumb: uncover 3 issues and 3 implications of each.
Focus conversation on your areas of strength.
Solution Questions
Ask questions that put prospect's attention on benefits of solving problem. Examples:
• Would it make sense to map out your options, the impact on your business, and the costs?
• In your mind, what would the ideal solution look like?
• If money was no object, what would you do to solve this problem?
How to Solicit More Accurate Feedback
Don't make your questions sound hopeful; make them neutral. That invites honest feedback. E.g., instead of asking, "Are we still in good shape to complete the deal?" ask, "Are we still in good shape to complete the deal, or do you think something might cause a delay?"
Add "or no?" to the end of any positive question to make it neutral.
Use humbling disclaimers. Examples:
• I'm not sure how to ask this, but …
• Without being too forward, can I ask about …
• At the risk of getting into trouble, would you mind if …
• I don't mean to push, but can I ask you about the budget?
When closing, ask questions that invite prospect to be open. Examples:
• Are we at risk of losing this business?
• If you were the salesperson on this account, what would you do differently?
• Something is holding you back, isn't it?
• Is it just me, or is something bothering you about the proposal?
• Realistically, what are the chances management will approve this before year-end?
Navigating the Sales Process
"He who asks the questions has the power in sales conversations."
"When people ask questions, it's important to know why they're asking in order to know how best to respond." When prospect asks question, ask, "How do you mean?" Their response will give you info on how to reply.
Use humble disclaimers such as "I'm confused" and "Am I missing something?"
Turning Cold Calls into Lukewarm Calls
When prospect is vague, ask clarifying questions. E.g., "What do you mean by significant?" "When you say creative, what specifically do you mean?"
Getting to the “Right Person”
Most decision-makers solicit input from others. Not everyone can pull the trigger, but lots of people can pull the plug.
Ask questions that reveal key players and their role in evaluation, selection, approval. Examples:
• Are you the right person to talk with about _?
• Who else needs to be involved in this discussion?
• Who will ultimately sign off on the purchase?
• Is there anyone who might oppose this proposal?
• How do you feel about the proposal?
• How would you handle this situation if you were in my shoes?
Rather than trying to guess who the right people in the organization are, target multiple people. Pursue high and low levels. Once you get in, leverage your contacts to identify the right people and build internal champions.
Re-Engineering the Elevator Pitch
Elevator pitch should follow PAS approach: Problem prospect is facing, Alternatives available, Solution you offer. Make the Problem "bigger" by identifying potential implications, proactively raise Alternatives and position them as not the most effective, so they'd be better off choosing your Solution.
Example: "You certainly have the option to install this software yourself. The challenge is most of the customers we work with already have more responsibility than they can handle. They're trying to make their to-do lists shorter, not longer. That's why they partner with us, to leverage our expertise with this software, so they can focus on more important projects."
Building Value in the QBS Presentation
End sales presentation by summarizing. Then say, "That's what we had planned to cover today. The question now is, do you like it?"
To find out if they're ready, ask for the order. Examples:
• Are you ready to make a decision?
• Is there anything that would prevent you from moving forward on this proposal?
• What are your thoughts about …
• Can I ask you something—off the record? How does management really feel about the proposal?
• I'm going to talk to my team tomorrow. I originally forecast this opportunity to close in September, but I'd rather be accurate than optimistic. Do you think September is still a reasonable target, or should I tell my team something different?
For prospects with pressing needs, help them see that not buying your product or service might be their most expensive option.
Give emotional reassurance. Say, "I understand this is a difficult decision. How can I help?" or "I'm not surprised to hear you ask about price. Do you know why? I've had this same discussion with _, _, _, and many others. Would you like to know how they finally solidified their decision?"