The Basics of Your Plumbing System Your plumbing system plays a critical role in the way your home runs. If it fails, you'll be unable to perform many daily tasks. Plumbing systems are responsible for the safe distribution of water and the removal of waterborne wastes. These systems are typically distinct from the water and sewage systems that serve an entire city or group of buildings.
Your plumbing system has two basic components: a waste pipe and a vent pipe. The waste pipe leads wastewater away from your home, while the plumbing vent pipe, often referred to as a vent stack, lets fresh air into the drainage system. The fresh air is necessary to ensure the smooth flow of water through the pipes and helps to eliminate odors and gas in your home.
Traditionally, plumbing systems relied on gravity, land's natural slope, or motor-powered pumps to bring water to buildings. This method was very time-consuming and inefficient, and required businesses to leave their premises to have plumbing work done. It was also not sustainable, especially for heavy loads. Therefore, plumbing building codes were established to create uniform regulations for plumbing in all states.
Plumbing systems have undergone significant changes throughout history. Before the Industrial Revolution, pipes were made of galvanized iron. After World War II, copper piping became the preferred material for water pipes. In the 1970s, new materials were discovered, including polybutylene, which was found to be highly toxic and is no longer widely used.
Today, pipes are made from many different materials. In the ancient world, clay and lead pipes were used to transport water. During the early twentieth century, cast iron, terra-cotta, and copper were the main choices for piping. These materials are cheaper, more flexible, and easier to install. Whether you choose PEX or copper, it's crucial to understand how the pipes are used. Depending on their application, you'll need a plumber's help to determine which material is right for you.
While plumbing systems have evolved over time, the basics have remained the same. Pipes and fittings are important for plumbing and heating systems, as they carry the pressure and temperature needed to function. Plumbing pipe materials come in several different wall thicknesses. The thinnest type is called DWV, and it is usually used only for drain pipes.
Another important plumbing material is PEX, or cross-linked polyethylene. PEX pipes are flexible and can be installed with fewer fittings than rigid systems. They are often used in new homes and areas with corrosive water. These pipes are resistant to rust and are compatible with other types of pipes. They are also more affordable than most other plumbing materials.
PVC is another popular choice for water pipes. This material is lightweight, flexible, and resistant to corrosion. It is also incredibly durable and can withstand high water pressure.
This book serves as a general guide for plumbing issues. It makes a good distinction between problems an average person can fix, say a toilet that isn't flushing properly, and issues where you should have a professional come in.