This three-volume set brings together a diverse selection of essays by Sir Leslie Stephen (1832 1904), author, philosopher and literary critic. Educated at Eton and Cambridge, he was the founding editor of the Dictionary of National Biography and father of Virginia Woolf and Vanessa Bell. He wrote critiques of many authors and works, which were published in periodicals such as the Cornhill Magazine (of which he was editor from 1871), Fraser's Magazine and the Fortnightly Review. Stephen sets each writer's work in its historical context, comparing it to that of other significant authors of its era and evaluating its philosophical and moral qualities. His articles, which discuss writers as diverse as Sir Thomas Browne and Walter Savage Landor, or Samuel Richardson and Charlotte Bronte, remain of great interest to scholars of early modern, Romantic and Victorian literature."
Sir Leslie Stephen, KCB was an English author, critic and mountaineer, and the father of Virginia Woolf and Vanessa Bell. Leslie Stephen was the primary editor of the Dictionary of National Biography from 1885-1891
Stephen was born at Kensington Gore in London, the brother of James Fitzjames Stephen and son of Sir James Stephen. His family had belonged to the Clapham Sect, the early 19th century group of mainly evangelical Christian social reformers. At his father's house he saw a good deal of the Macaulays, James Spedding, Sir Henry Taylor and Nassau Senior. After studying at Eton College, King's College London and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. (20th wrangler) in 1854 and M.A. in 1857, Stephen remained for several years a fellow and tutor of his college. He recounted some of his experiences in a chapter in his Life of Fawcett as well as in some less formal Sketches from Cambridge: By a Don (1865). These sketches were reprinted from the Pall Mall Gazette, to the proprietor of which, George Smith, he had been introduced by his brother. It was at Smith's house at Hampstead that Stephen met his first wife, Harriet Marian (1840 – 1875), daughter of William Makepeace Thackeray, with whom he had a daughter, Laura Makepeace Stephen (1870 – 1945); after her death he married Julia Prinsep Jackson (1846 – 1895), widow of Herbert Duckworth. With her he had four children: Vanessa, Thoby, Virginia & Adrian.
In the 1850s, Stephen and his brother James Fitzjames Stephen were invited by Frederick Denison Maurice to lecture at The Working Men's College. Leslie Stephen became a member of the College's governing College Corporation. He died in Kensington.
LONDON SMITH, ELDER, & CO., 15 WATERLOO PLACE 1892
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CONTENTS
OF
THE FIRST VOLUME
PAGE DE FOE'S NOVELS 1
RICHARDSON'S NOVELS 47
POPE AS A MORALIST 94
SIR WALTER SCOTT 137
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE 169
BALZAC'S NOVELS 199
DE QUINCEY 237
SIR THOMAS BROWNE 269
JONATHAN EDWARDS 300
HORACE WALPOLE 345
_OPINIONS OF AUTHORS_
Libraries are as the shrines where all the relics of the ancient saints, full of true virtue, and that without delusion or imposture, are preserved and reposed.--BACON, _Advancement of Learning_.
We visit at the shrine, drink in some measure of the inspiration, and cannot easily breathe in other air less pure, accustomed to immortal fruits.--HAZLITT'S _Plain Speaker_.
What a place to be in is an old library! It seems as though all the souls of all the writers that have bequeathed their labours to the Bodleian were reposing here as in some dormitory or middle state. I seem to inhale learning, walking amid their foliage; and the odour of their old moth-scented coverings is fragrant as the first bloom of the sciential apples which grew around the happy orchard.--CHARLES LAMB, _Oxford in the Long Vacation_.
My neighbours think me often alone, and yet at such times I am in company with more than five hundred mutes, each of whom communicates his ideas to me by dumb signs quite as intelligibly as any person living can do by uttering of words; and with a motion of my hand I can bring them as near to me as I please; I handle them as I like; they never complain of ill-usage; and when dismissed from my presence, though ever so abruptly, take no offence.--STERNE, _Letters_.
In a library we are surrounded by many hundreds of dear friends imprisoned by an enchanter in paper and leathern boxes,--EMERSON, _Books, Society, and Solitude_.
Nothing is pleasanter than exploring in a library.--LANDOR, _Pericles and Aspasia_.
I never come into a library (saith Heinsius) but I bolt the door to me, excluding lust, ambition, avarice, and all such vices whose nurse is idleness, the mother of ignorance and melancholy herself; and in the very lap of eternity, among so many divine souls, I take my seat with so lofty a spirit and sweet content that I pity all our great ones and rich men that know not their happiness.--BURTON, _Anatomy of Melancholy_.
I do not know that I am happiest when alone; but this I am sure of, that I am never long even in the society of her I love without a yearning for the company of my lamp and my utterly confused and tumbled-over library.--BYRON, _Moore's Life_.
Montesquieu used to say that he had never known a pain or a distress which he could not soothe by half an hour of a good book.--JOHN MORLEY, _On Popular Culture_.
There is no truer word than that of Solomon: 'There is no end of making books'; the sight of a great library verifies it; there is no end--indeed, it were pity there should be.--BISHOP HALL.
You that are genuine Athenians, devour with a golden Epicurism the arts and sciences, the spirits and extractions of authors.--CULVERWELL, _Light of Nature_.
He hath never fed of the dainties that are bred in a book; he hath not eat paper, as it were; he hath not drunk ink; his intellect is not replenished; he is only an animal, only sensible in the duller parts.--SHAKESPEARE, _Love's Labour's Lost_.
I have wondered at the patience of the antediluvians; their libraries were insufficiently furnished; how then could seven or eight hundred years of life be supportable?--COWPER, _Life and Letters by Southey_.
Unconfused Babel of all tongues! which e'er The mighty linguist Fame or Time the mighty traveller, That could speak or this could hear! Majestic monument and pyramid! Where still the shapes of parted souls abide Embalmed in verse; exalted souls which now Enjoy those arts they wooed so well below, Which now all wonders plainly see That have been, are, or are to be In the mysterious Library, The beatific Bodley of the Deity!
COWLEY, _Ode on the Bodleian_.
This to a structure led well known to fame, And called, 'The Monument of Vanished Minds,' Where when they thought they saw in well-sought books The assembled souls of all that men thought wise, It bred such awful reverence in their looks, As if they saw the buried writers rise. Such heaps of written thought; gold of the dead, Which Time does still disperse but not devour, Made them presume all was from deluge freed Which long-lived authors writ ere Noah's shower.
DAVENANT, _Gondibert_.
Books are not absolutely dead things, but do contain a progeny of life in them, to be as active as that soul whose progeny they are; nay, they do preserve as in a vial the purest efficacy and extraction of that living intellect that bred them.--MILTON, _Areopagitica_.
Nor is there any paternal fondness which seems to savour less of absolute instinct, and which may be so well reconciled to worldly wisdom, as this of authors for their books. These children may most truly be called the riches of their father, and many of them have with true filial piety fed their parent in his old age; so that not only the affection but the interest of the author may be highly injured by those slanderers whose poisonous breath brings his book to an untimely end.--FIELDING, _Tom Jones_.
We whom the world is pleased to honour with the title of modern authors should never have been able to compass our great design of everlasting remembrance and never-dying fame if our endeavours had not been so highly serviceable to the general good of mankind.--SWIFT, _Tale of a Tub_.
A good library always makes me melancholy, where the best author is as much squeezed and as obscure as a porter at a coronation.--SWIFT.
In my youth I never entered a great library but my predominant feeling was one of pain and disturbance of mind--not much unlike that which drew tears from Xerxes on viewing his immense army, and reflecting that in one hundred years not one soul would remain alive. To me, with respect to books, the same effect would be brought about by my own death. Here, said I, are one hundred thousand books, the worst of them capable of giving me some instruction and pleasure; and before I can have had time to extract the honey from one-twentieth of this hive in all likelihood I shall be summoned away.--DE QUINCEY, _Letter to a young man_.
A man may be judged by his library.--BENTHAM.
I ever look upon a library with the reverence of a temple.--EVELYN, _to Wotton_.
'Father, I should like to learn to make gold.' 'And what would'st thou do if thou could'st make it?' 'Why, I would build a great house and fill it with books.'--SOUTHEY, _Doctor_.
What would you have more? A wife? That is none of the indispensable requisites of life. Books? That is one of them, and I have more than I can use.--DAVID HUME, _Burton's 'Life_.'
Talk of the happiness of getting a great prize in the lottery! What is that to opening a box of books? The joy upon lifting up the cover must be something like that which we shall feel when Peter the porter opens the door upstairs, and says, 'Please to walk in, Sir.'--SOUTHEY, _Life_.
I would rather be a poor man in a garret with plenty of books than a king who did not love reading.--MACAULAY.
Our books ... do not our hearts hug them, and quiet themselves in them even more than in God?--BAXTER'S _Saint's Rest_.
It is our duty to live among books.--NEWMAN, _Tracts for the Times, No. 2_.
What lovely things books are!--BUCKLE, _Life by Huth_.
(Query) Whether the collected wisdom of all ages and nations be not found in books?--BERKELEY, _Querist_.
Read we must, be writers ever so indifferent.--SHAFTESBURY, _Characteristics_.
It's mighty hard to write nowadays without getting something or other worth listening to into your essay or your volume. The foolishest book is a kind of leaky boat on a sea of wisdom; some of the wisdom will get in anyhow.--O. W. HOLMES, _Poet at the Breakfast Table_.
I adopted the tolerating measure of the elder Pliny--'nullum esse librum tam malum ut non in aliqua parte prodesset.'--GIBBON, _Autobiography_.
A book's a book, although there's nothing in't.--BYRON, _English Bards and Scotch Reviewers_.
While you converse with lords and dukes, I have their betters here, my books; Fixed in an elbow chair at ease I choose companions as I please. I'd rather have one single shelf Than all my friends, except yourself. For, after all that can be said, Our best companions are the dead.
SHERIDAN _to Swift_.
We often hear of people who will descend to any servility, submit to any insult for the sake of getting themselves or their children into what is euphemistically called good society. Did it ever occur to them that there is a select society of all the centuries to which they and theirs can be admitted for the asking?--LOWELL, _Speech at Chelsea_.
On all sides are we not driven to the conclusion that of all things which men can do or make here below, by far the most momentous, wonderful, and worthy are the things we call books? For, indeed, is it not verily the highest act of man's faculty that produces a book? It is the thought of man. The true thaumaturgic virtue by which man marks all things whatever. All that he does and brings to pass is the vesture of a book.--CARLYLE, _Hero Worship_.
Yet it is just That here in memory of all books which lay Their sure foundations in the heart of man, ... That I should here assert their rights, assert Their honours, and should, once for all, pronounce Their benediction, speak of them as powers For ever to be hallowed; only less For what we are and what we may become Than Nature's self, which is the breath of God, Or His pure word by miracle revealed.
WORDSWORTH, _Prelude_.
Take me to some lofty room, Lighted from the western sky, Where no glare dispels the gloom, Till the golden eve is nigh; Where the works of searching thought, Chosen books, may still impart What the wise of old have taught, What has tried the meek of heart; Books in long dead tongues that stirred Loving hearts in other climes; Telling to my eyes, unheard, Glorious deeds of olden times: Books that purify the thought, Spirits of the learned dead, Teachers of the little taught, Comforters when friends are fled.
BARNES, _Poems of Rural Life_.
A library is like a butcher's shop; it contains plenty of meat, but it is all raw; no person living can find a meal in it till some good cook comes along and says, 'Sir, I see by your looks that you are hungry; I know your taste; be patient for a moment and you shall be satisfied that you have an excellent appetite!'--G. ELLIS, Lockhart's '_Scott_.'
A library is itself a cheap university.--H. SIDGWICK, _Political Economy_.
O such a life as he resolved to live Once he had mastered all that books can give!
BROWNING.
I will bury myself in my books and the devil may pipe to his own.--TENNYSON.