Implicit learning is defined as the acquisition of knowledge that takes place independently of the conscious attempts to learn and largely in the absence of explicit knowledge about what was acquired. One of the core assumptions of this argument is that implicit learning is a fundamental, "root" process that lies at the very heart of the adaptive behavioral repertoire of every complex organism. In this volume, the Outlines the essential features of implicit learning that have emerged from studies that have been carried out in experimental laboratories over the past several decades. Presents alternative perspectives that have been proposed by other researchers and accommodates these views with his own. Structures the literature so that it can be seen in the context of standard heuristics of evolutionary biology. Presents the material within a functionalist approach and shows why the experimental data should be seen as entailing particular epistemological perspectives. Presents implicit processing as a general and ubiquitous set of operations that have wide currency and several possible applications .