Pushkin and the Queen of Spades: A Novel, by Alice Randall, is an extraordinarily rich novel whose richness is partially but not entirely founded on the references she makes to other literary works.
The name "Alice Randall," was not familiar to me, but I was peripherally aware of another book she has written, The Wind Done Gone, because it was the subject of a well-publicized copyright violation lawsuit brought by the Estate of Margaret Mitchell; Ms. Mitchell, of course,is the author of Gone With the Wind. Upon ordering The Wind Done Gone from my local library, I saw that Ms. Randall had written Pushkin, as well, and decided to check it out.
Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin is the poet who, in Russian language and literature, occupies a higher place in the pantheon than does Shakespeare in English language and literature. (I prefer to interpret this fact as meaning that Russian language and literature has fewer great luminaries than does English. Make of that what you will). Pushkin wrote two novellas that Ms. Randall mines in her own novel, Pushkin. The more well known is The Queen of Spades, which tells the story of a grasping German living in Russia and serving in the Russian military, who seeks to win at cards by terrorizing an old Countess into telling him her supernatural secret. She does so before she dies of fright, and he plays the cards at the gambling table, only to find out, at the last card (where he has staked everything), that the old Countess has struck back at him from beyond the grave: he names the ace but the Queen of Spades comes up. The less well known is Peter the Great's Negro, an unfinished novella, telling the story of Pushkin's own great-grandfather, Abraham Hannibal. Abraham was an African, kidnapped (perhaps from Ethiopia) and sold into slavery, to be purchased and raised as god-son by Peter the Great, czar of Russia. Pushkin tells the story of his ancestor's dalliances with a French Countess in France, and then, upon return to Russia, of his upcoming nuptials -- at Peter the Great's orchestration -- to a high-born Russian lady. The novella ends there, with Abraham's doubts that his future white bride will ever come to love him, a black man.
And so we come to Ms. Randall's novel. She tells the story of a black woman, Windsor, who was born in Detroit of gangster royalty, raised in Washington D.C. by a manipulative and vicious mother, impregnated by rape before she started her freshman year at Harvard, and who bore the baby, named him "Pushkin" (in honor of the great Russian poet with a black ancestor), and eventually became a tenured professor at Vanderbilt. Pushkin, Windsor's son, grows up to be an NFL star. The ostensible conflict arises when Pushkin announces his intention to marry white Tanya, a pole dancer who immigrated from Russia. This story -- Windsor's story -- is a good story in its own right. She traces her own ancestry, vividly evoking her father and other members of her family, and grounds herself as a black scholar, having grown up in our own imperfect, racist America, who now has achieved a place in the "ebony tower." She struggles with her feelings about the rape that culminated in the birth of her beloved son, and with her feelings about her son's choice of mate. (A portion of this may well be autobiographical; see the Wikipedia entry on Alice Randall).
And since Windsor is a scholar, significant portions of the tale are told with references to other literary works, enriching the story with their own stand-alone meanings. There is a pivotal reference to Gone With the Wind, Ms. Randall's own bete noire, important comparisons to Shakespeare's Othello, copious references to Peter the Great's Negro, and one -- glancing -- reference to The Queen of Spades. Windsor compares her mother, who orchestrated Windor's rape, to the Queen of Spades, that is, to the old Countess who takes her revenge on Pushkin's protaganist from beyond the grave.
I feel as though I am missing something here -- clearly Pushkin's The Queen of Spades means more to Ms. Randall than the mere use of the word "spade" as a deragatory synonym for "black" -- but I do not see the parallels. Of course, Windsor herself, as Pushkin's mother, may play the "Queen of Spades" role in this novel, but in order for that to work, just as for the comparison to Windsor's mother to work -- Windsor must rewrite the ending to Pushkin's Queen of Spades as she rewrites --nay, completes -- the unfinished novella of Peter the Great's Negro. In Windsor's story, her own machinations and her mother's machinations may well turn out to bear happy fruit, whereas the old Countess's revenge completely ruined Pushkin's protaganist. All in all, though, a good -- interesting and thought-provoking -- read.