The Washing Machine is an intriguing book that takes the reader deep inside the world of money laundering and shows it to be a highly sophisticated, global business that poses a serious and systemic threat to the world's financial institutions, as well as the global economy. Investigative journalist and financial expert Nick Kochan profiles the perpetrators, the investigators, and explains the methods employed by international criminals and terrorists to turn dirty money into untraceable wealth. The effort to stop this sinister financial pipeline to terrorist activities is one of the highest profile law enforcement activities in the world at present. Will we lose this battle? The Washing Machine reveals that the dual forces of globalization and a lack of true international cooperation are playing directly into the hands of the criminals.
Money laundering is a gift-that-keeps-on-giving topic. Like other financial scams and money-related bad behavior, it keeps changing, growing and shifting as governments plug old holes in their regulations only to open new ones. As finance globalizes, minor nations compete to be snug havens for ill-gotten or tax-averse money, and bankers continue to be dissatisfied with their eight-figure bonuses, the opportunities and tools available for turning black money white will continue to morph and expand.
This is a two-edged sword for any author wanting to concoct the authoritative text on the subject. On the one hand, there's so much to write about, and anything involving so many zeroes and so many shady characters can't help but be interesting; on the other hand, whatever s/he writes will be out-of-date in five years or less.
Nick Kochan, a British journalist and financial reporter for such publications as the Financial Times and The Economist, has been cut by both edges of this sword. The Washing Machine is chock full of information and has some interesting stories to tell. Having been written in 2004-5, however, it can only speculate about the effects of the PATRIOT Act and its foreign analogues. The changes wrought by subsequent anti-terrorism legislation and the Dodd-Frank Act aren't even on its horizon.
The author attempts a broad survey of the different flavors of money laundering, though (as you might guess from the subtitle) his main concern is how terrorist groups and supporters use the methods and vehicles of the megawealthy and the drug cartels to hide and clean their funds. He covers conflict diamonds, arms trafficker Victor Bout (a section less about laundering than Fun with Front Companies), private banking for kleptocrats, Colombian drug cartels (how quaint), and how Irish and Tamil terrorists installed the pipes that Mideastern terrorists now use to move their money around. It's a lot of ground to cover -- perhaps too much.
If you've been following my reviews for awhile, you'll know I've been looking for a book about money laundering that actually explains how it's done (as one Goodreads friend put it, the "Anarchist Cookbook version"). Kochan actually does spell out how some of the processes work, although he doesn't make it easy for the reader to follow. This isn't by any means the For Dummies intro to money laundering. You'll want to have explored this subject in other books (such as Crime School: Money Laundering: True Crime Meets the World of Business and Finance,reviewed here) before you plow through this one.
Which leads to my major quarrel with this book: it reads like a 280-page feature article in some serious newspaper. That style and tone works when the piece is just on the front page and a couple jump pages; it gets old after the first fifty pages here. Part of this is down to Kochan's no-doubt ingrained journalistic habit of squeezing as much information as possible into every paragraph. The chapter on Victor Bout, for instance, screams for some diagrams to help the reader sort out the tangle of shell companies and false fronts that the "Merchant of Death" used to cover his tracks. I can't help but think a couple simple graphics could better explain the Black Market Peso Exchange than do the blocks of prose the author throws at it. The processes of money laundering are deliberately opaque and confusing, and unfortunately, Kochan doesn't always succeed in making them less so.
Still, there's a lot of good information in this book if you can only get to it. The bibliography is useful if you want to do further study, even though the sources are now more than ten years old. It's because of this that I struggled with the overall rating. I didn't exactly "like it" (three stars), but I'll find it useful down the road (four stars), even though the prose made the reading a chore (two stars). Three stars it is, but with a pack of caveats you should keep in mind depending on your purposes for reading this.
The Washing Machine throws you into the deep end of a very broad and deep subject. It will download a lot of information that was au courant a decade ago, but is now dated as the state of the art has marched on. As long as that works for you, and you already have some acquaintance with the subject, give it a try. Don't expect the road to be smooth or the going easy, but at least you'll come out more informed than you were going in.