AN ORIGINAL AND UNIQUE PERSPECTIVE ON THEOLOGY
Patrick S. Cheng is an Episcopal priest, and associate rector at The Church of the Transfiguration, an Anglo-Catholic parish in Manhattan; he has also taught Historical and Systematic Theology at Episcopal Divinity School in Cambridge.
He wrote in the Introduction to this 2011 book, “Radical love, I contend, is a love so extreme that it dissolves our existing boundaries, whether they are boundaries that separate us from other people, that separate us from preconceived notions of sexuality and gender identity, or that separate us from God. It is the thesis of this book that the connections between Christian theology and queer theory are actually much closer than one would think. That is, radical love lies at the heart of BOTH Christian theology and queer theory. Radical love is at the heart of Christian theology because we Christians believe in a God who… has dissolved the boundaries between death and life, time and eternity, and the human and the divine… Similarly, radical love is also at the heart of queer theory because it challenges our existing boundaries with respect to sexuality and gender identity… as social constructions and NOT essentialist, or fixed, concepts. It should be noted that radical love is not about abolishing all rules or justifying an antinomian existence, sexual or otherwise. Radical love is ultimately about LOVE… As such, radical love is premised upon safe, sane, and consensual behavior. Thus, nonconsensual behavior… is by definition excluded from radical love.” (Pg. x)
He continues, “However, to date there have not been many easily accessible introductions or surveys of the field for individuals who are not familiar with queer theory on the one hand, or the traditional doctrines of Christian theology, on the other. This book seeks to fill that gap in the discourse. It also provides study questions and suggested resources for further study at the end of each main section, which makes it ideal for self-study, for religious studies, and queer studies classes, or for adult education in parishes and congregations.” (Pg. xi)
In the first chapter, he explains, “So what exactly is queer theology?... there are at least three possible definitions… First, queer theology is LGBT people ‘talking about God.’ Second, queer theology is ‘talking about God’ in a self-consciously transgressive manner, especially in terms of challenging societal norms about sexuality and gender. Third, queer theology is ‘talk about God’ that challenges and deconstructs the natural binary categories of sexual and gender identity.” (Pg. 9)
He continues, “Indeed, it is the thesis of this book that Christian theology itself is a fundamentally queer enterprise because it also challenges and deconstructs---through radical love---all kinds of binary categories that on the surface seem fixed and unchangeable (such as life vs. death, or divine vs. human), but that ultimately are fluid and malleable… Christian theology is fundamentally a queer enterprise because it focuses on the incarnation, life, death, resurrection, ascension, and second coming of Jesus Christ, all of which are events which turn upside down our traditional understanding of life and death, divine and human, center and margins, beginnings and endings, infinite and finite, and punishment and forgiveness… it is in Jesus Christ that all of these seemingly fixed binary categories are ultimately challenge and collapsed.” (Pg. 10-11)
He states, “God is the sending forth of radical love… Not only is God love, but God is a love what is described in terms of extreme wealth and superabundance. In other words, not only is God defined as radical love itself, but God’s very being consists of the continuous sending forth of this radical love to others.” (Pg. 44) He goes on, “the doctrine of revelation can be understood as God coming out to us. This self-revelation is grounded in God’s love for us, and it is a radical kind of love because it dissolves existing boundaries that separate the divine from the human, the powerful from the weak, and knowing from unknowing. In fact, the doctrine of revelation can be understood in terms of … [negative] theology, in which our knowledge of God---like our understanding of the category of ‘transgender’---is always in a state of transformation and unknowing.” (Pg. 48)
He elaborates, “As such, God functions in the same way as LGBT people with respect to radical love. To the extent that LGBT people break down boundaries of sexuality and gender in our relationships, both God and LGBT people send forth a radical love that breaks down fixed categories and boundaries. For God, these categories include the divine and human, and life and death. For LGBT people, these boundaries include the categories of female and male, homosexual and heterosexual.” (Pg. 51)
He points out, “All too often, we are forced to separate our sexual, racial, and spiritual identities into separate compartments. For example, with respect to sexuality, it is difficult to be openly gay in many Asian American communities and/or faith communities, both of which can be highly homophobic. With respect to race, it is difficult to open embrace one’s Asian American heritage in many LGBT communities and/or faith communities, both of which can be highly racist. Finally, with respect to spirituality, it is difficult to be an ‘out’ person of faith in many LGBT communities and/or Asian American communities, both of which can be very secular and have a deep bias against religion and spirituality.” (Pg. 60)
He argues, “sin can be understood by queer theology to be ‘sexual and gender essentialism.’ That is, whenever we understand sexuality and gender identity to be fixed and unchangeable (that is, by limiting sexuality to only homosexual and heterosexual, or by limiting gender identity to only female and male), we commit the sin of essentialism by failing to recognize the constructed nature of these categories. In creating and perpetuating these false dichotomies, we reinforce---rather than erase---sexual and gender categories. By contrast, whenever we challenge the essentialist nature of these categories, we experience the grace of constructivism.” (Pg. 74)
He suggests, “Jesus Christ… can be understood by LGBT people as the ‘embodiment of radical love,’ or radical love made flesh… Jesus Christ is the living embodiment of the dissolution of boundaries. As such, Jesus Christ is the boundary-crosser extraordinaire, whether this relates to divine, social, sexual, or gender boundaries.” (Pg. 78-79) He continues, “Jesus also crosses sexual boundaries… [his] life and ministry can be viewed as dissolving the rigid line between ‘heterosexual’ and ‘homosexual.’” (Pg 80)
He asks, “Who is the Holy Spirit for LGBT people today?... the Holy Spirit continues along the trajectory that first started with God sending forth radical love and second with Jesus Christ recovering the radical love that had been rejected by humanity. We can understand this third and final movement as the Holy Spirit HELPING us to return to the radical love from which we all came.” (Pg. 100)
He acknowledges, “Finally, queer theology must wrestle with the question of the Last Judgment, and issues of eternal punishment and reward, particularly since so many LGBT people are told that we will be condemned to eternal suffering for engaging in same-sex acts. I believe that if radical love is to triumph in the end, than ALL barriers that separate us from God will be dissolved, including those of punishment and reward… This does not mean that people will not need to be purified before reaching heaven… but, in the end, all will reach heaven.” (Pg. 135)
He concludes, “If this book has resulted in dissolving some of the boundaries that historically have separated Christianity and queerness, spirituality and sexuality, and soul and body, then it will have succeeded in pointing the way to the eschatological erasure that is our ultimate destiny. In sum, Christian theology … promises us that NOTHING… can ever separate us from the love of God. There is no love that is more radical than that, and that is why Christian theology is, at its core, a queer enterprise.” (Pg. 139-140)
This unique perspective on theology will be of keen interest to a wide variety of readers: LGBTQ, Asian-American, and plain students of contemporary theology.