Jump to ratings and reviews
Rate this book

Fuzzy Logic

Rate this book
De wetenschap gebruikt de wiskunde om de natuur mee te beschrijven. Het heeft veel voordelen: de taal is universeel, het maakt rekenen aan de gebeurtenissen om je heen mogelijk en je stuit nog een op onvermoede verschijnsels. Er geldt echter één nadeel: de wiskunde is exact en de natuur niet. Een mathematisch model vergt exacte invoer, de mensen gebruiken vage beschrijvingen. Wiskundig gezien meet de Rijn zeg 1430 kilometer, menselijk gezien is het daarentegen een best lange rivier.
Een precieze beschrijving vergt precieze afbakening. Iets behoort tot een bepaalde verzameling (lange rivieren, hoge bergen) of niet. De klassieke verzamelingenleer maakt hiervan gebruik. Maar wat gebeurt er op de scheidslijn tussen twee verzamelingen. Mannen vallen uiteen in twee categorieën: kale mannen en zij mèt haar op hun hoofd. Stel je trekt een niet kaal iemand een haar uit zijn hoofd? Dan noem je hem nog niet kaal. Maar wat als je dat nog eens doet, en nog eens en nog eens? Op een bepaald (pijnlijk) moment heb je zijn laatste haar in je handen. Dan behoort hij wel tot de categorie der kalen. Maar wanneer passeerde hij die grens: kaal versus niet-kaal. Dat is een vage scheidslijn.

De bivalente logica heeft al lang moeite met deze grens. Iemand met een gladde kruin is gedeeltelijk kaal, maar dus ook gedeeltelijk niet kaal. Tegenstrijdigheid, dus. Want hoe kun je iets zijn, en tegelijkertijd het tegendeel. Volgens Plato kon dat niet. Hij loste het dilemma op door te verklaren dat de wereld om ons heen een illusie is.

Fuzzy logic probeert een koppeling te maken tussen de wereld van de tweewaardig logica (wel of niet) en de wereld om ons heen met haar vage grenzen. Een man met een hoog voorhoofd behoort voor 80 procent tot de categorie kale mannen en voor 20 procent tot die met haar. Deze Fuzzy Logica maakt het mogelijk computers zo te programmeren dat zij de onnauwkeurige, niet-precieze handelwijze van de mens nabootsen. Hoewel deze technologie verbazingwekkende praktische resultaten opleverde, vertrouwde de wetenschap het niet zo. Je kunt weliswaar mooie besturingen maken voor bijvoorbeeld een metro, een wasmachine, een cementoven, maar je kunt niet bewijzen dat de besturing stabiel is. Immers: in praktische gevallen werkt het, maar wat gebeurt er in uitzonderingssituaties.

De Amerikaanse wetenschapspublicisten McNeill en Freiberger schreven een boek over het aandachtsveld, de spelers in het fuzzy-team en haar tegenstanders, over de resultaten en de aanvallen die de theorie te verduren kreeg. Het is geen leerboek. Wie niets van fuzzy logic weet, heeft niets in dit boek te zoeken. Het legt de methode niet uit, het beschrijft de wereld eromheen.

319 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1993

2 people are currently reading
143 people want to read

About the author

Daniel McNeill

15 books1 follower

Ratings & Reviews

What do you think?
Rate this book

Friends & Following

Create a free account to discover what your friends think of this book!

Community Reviews

5 stars
23 (19%)
4 stars
40 (34%)
3 stars
43 (37%)
2 stars
9 (7%)
1 star
1 (<1%)
Displaying 1 - 12 of 12 reviews
Profile Image for Alex Lee.
953 reviews138 followers
March 24, 2022
This is my second, perhaps third time reading the book but the first time I read it in many decades. How the world has changed! Fuzzy logic is used today, embedded in computer science, although I am not certain that people see this rightly then or now.

One of the most interesting aspects of this book is its argument to legitimatize something that people otherwise either seek to dismiss without understanding it -- or seek to downplay. The reasons why are speculation, perhaps, but this reminds us that people are not purely rational and that any endeavor we seek to pursue comes with it a political end -- who gets to speak, who gets to do -- what attention is worthy.

I don't have much to add about the math, computer or logic that this book is about. Most likely much of it is dated as it was written in the early 90s before the dawn of data science. But what remains with this is the lesson that should someone identify with their tools, they will then become blind/entangled with those tools. At some point if you identify with your tools too much then you become the tool.
246 reviews
November 18, 2011
Very interesting, but not enough "hard" details for technically-minded readers, who will want to follow up with other reading.
Profile Image for morbidxmagpie.
63 reviews
February 18, 2017
Not quite enough detail on how fuzzy logic works, and now a little dated, but an interesting mathematical tale nonetheless.
36 reviews
October 25, 2021
Good for its time. Thirty years on, you need to research what has happened. If you do have a good follow-on book, leave a comment, please.
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
4 reviews
July 29, 2025
3.5-3.8 stars. Interesting insights to IF-THEN systems, but slightly outdated with AI and other tech sections. A good history of fuzzy logic, its origins and uprising.
2,777 reviews41 followers
April 17, 2015
Classical logic forces all actions to be described by a rigid sequence of two option rules. By applying enough such rules, it is possible to eventually reach a reasonable approximation to the problem in question. However, such a method is cumbersome at best, so in 1964, Lotfi Zadeh, a professor of electrical engineering, invented a new reasoning system base on imprecise rules. Since the values are now placed within specified ranges, the system was given the unfortunate name "fuzzy." Eventually ignored and at times vilified by the academic community in the United States, fuzzy logic is now beginning to be widely used in commercial products.
In another instance of what seems to be the most common business theme of the decade of the '80s, it was Japanese industry that took the American ideas and made them commercially viable. Many products now incorporate fuzzy reasoning systems, with no end in sight regarding the spectrum of applications. The performance gains of fuzzy logic over other options is at times astounding.
Equally surprising is the simplicity of fuzzy reasoning. Most events in the human experience are not sharply demarcated. Night does not "fall," but slowly floats down like an aging helium balloon. Fuzzy systems mimic this by assigning a numeric value to qualifying words such as "very," "slightly," and "remotely." The most common scale uses the range from zero to one inclusive. Since zero can be considered FALSE and one TRUE, classical logic is a limiting subset of fuzzy logic. For example, the phrase "very possible" could be assigned a truth value of 0.90, "slightly possible" a value of 0.05, and "remotely possible" a value of 0.005. Fuzzy OR then takes the largest value of the two variable, AND the minimum of the two and the negation is computed by taking one minus the fuzzy value.
This book introduces the basic notions of fuzziness, but concentrates more on the history as an ignored discipline and the recent commercial successes. It is amazing to learn that the vast majority of "fuzzy thinkers" are found in Asia. Comparisons between the differences in Western and Eastern philosophy are made in an attempt to explain this. For example, the Japanese language is inherently much vaguer than western languages.
If you are interested in learning the first notions of fuzzy reasoning, this book is a good non-technical place to start. And if the applications continue to grow, that interest may become a required taste.

Published in Journal of Recreational Mathematics, reprinted with permission and this review also appears on Amazon
Profile Image for Sage.
25 reviews6 followers
June 23, 2008
Again, it's been years since I read this, but I learned how Japanese trains can slow down very quickly and still be smooth and how cameras are programmed to avoid shaky hands. They figured out how to have a percentage on/off switch. Not just 1111 or 0000 (which mean on or off in bit language or something..hey I'm an arts person), but part of that. Great reading for the scientifically curious but unskilled!
Profile Image for Peter.
222 reviews
Read
March 13, 2011
Great intro to Fuzzy Logic: This was the first fuzzy book I read. Just picked it up randomly, wondering what fuzzy is all about. It's easy to understand, non-technical, and very enlightening. If you are curious about fuzzy logic, or want to explore what could result in a major step forward in machine "intellegence" check out this book. I only gave it an 8 (not 10) because Kosko's "Fuzzy Thinking" is the best I've read. This book is not on the same level, but still very good.
31 reviews5 followers
April 15, 2015
This book is great! The authors of Fuzzy Logic explain the history and the many uses of fuzzy logic clearly and concisely. It is really fun to explore the history of such a fascinating new science, and the book also does a good job going into the modern applications. My only problem with the book is that the authors fail to explain precisely what fuzzy logic is. If I had not already understood fuzzy logic before I read the book, I would barely have enjoyed it at all.
Profile Image for Viet Phuong.
221 reviews9 followers
March 16, 2014
Somehow over-dramatizing the birth, struggle, and rise of fuzzy logic with not enough understandable explanation, the book seemed to be written by two "hard-core" fans of fuzzy logic and was thus lack a decent degree of neutrality as a scientific non-fiction.
Profile Image for Chris.
16 reviews11 followers
September 26, 2014
definitely a good read, though very little technical aspects are covered, and it mostly centers around the history of how fuzzy logic came to be.
Displaying 1 - 12 of 12 reviews

Can't find what you're looking for?

Get help and learn more about the design.