Carlos Marighella was a Brazilian politician, writer, and Marxist-Leninist militant. He was a key figure in the armed resistance against Brazil's military dictatorship and founded the Ação Libertadora Nacional (ALN), an urban guerrilla group responsible for bank robberies, kidnappings, and other militant actions. Critical of nonviolent resistance, he advocated for armed struggle and wrote the Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla, a widely circulated revolutionary text. Targeted by the authorities, Marighella was ambushed and killed by police in 1969. His legacy remains controversial—while some view him as a revolutionary hero, others see him as a terrorist. His life has been depicted in literature and film, most notably in the 2019 movie Marighella, directed by Wagner Moura.