Computer Networks contains Introduction to Data Communication and Networking Data communication, use of Networks, Internet Protocols and standards, layering of Models, OSI model, TCP/IP Internet model. Physical Layer Transmission media (Twisted pair, Coaxial cable, Fiber optic cable), Wireless Medium as Physical Layer (Electromagnetic Spectrum, ISM Band, Lightwave Transmission), Circuit switching, DSL technology, Cable modem. Data Link Layer Services to N/W layer, Framing, Bit Stuffing, Character Stuffing, Error control, Flow control mechanism stop & wait, Go-back-, Selective repeat. Example data link protocol HDLC, PPP. Medium Access Layer Channel allocation problem, Multiple Access, CSMA, CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA. Local Area Network Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Wireless LAN, Blue tooth, Zigbee, Connecting devices- Repeaters, Hub, Bridges, Switch, Router, Gateways, Broadband Wireless Networks. Network Layer Packet Switching, Virtual circuits and datagram, Static and Dynamic Routing Algorithms (Optimality principle, Static Routing Algorithms : Shortest Path, Flooding, Dynamic routing Algorithms : Distance Vector, Link state routing.), Congestion Control, IP Addressing, CIDR & NAT, IP layer protocols (ICMP, ARP, RARP, DHCP, BOOTP), IPv4 and IPv6. Transport layer Elements of Transport protocols - TCP & UDP. Application Layer DNS- Domain Name System, E-mail, FTP, HTTP, WWW, Firewall, Network Security.