Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, commonly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India. Employing non-violent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for non-violence, civil rights and freedom across the world.
The son of a senior government official, Gandhi was born and raised in a Hindu Bania community in coastal Gujarat, and trained in law in London. Gandhi became famous by fighting for the civil rights of Muslim and Hindu Indians in South Africa, using new techniques of non-violent civil disobedience that he developed. Returning to India in 1915, he set about organizing peasants to protest excessive land-taxes. A lifelong opponent of "communalism" (i.e. basing politics on religion) he reached out widely to all religious groups. He became a leader of Muslims protesting the declining status of the Caliphate. Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women's rights, building religious and ethnic amity, ending untouchability, increasing economic self-reliance, and above all for achieving Swaraj—the independence of India from British domination. His spiritual teacher was the Jain philosopher/poet Shrimad Rajchandra.
The words on "service" of President Biden in his inauguration speech are exactly the same as those of Gandhi. Nobody can investigate the complex relationship betwen individuals, between State and individuals, and the so called "religion of State", or a sacralized State, without reading this collection of Gandhiji's writings on peace and war, and how to build a free nation. Above all, nobody can dismiss the delicate relatioship between non violence, State, and God. Gandhi talks about the service to others as the highest form of religion. A concept we find in Martin Luther King, non-violence against racism, in Aldo Capitini, non-violence against totalitarian regimes, Mother Teresa of Calcutta, non-violence "which heals wounds", Leymah Gbowee, non-violence to end a war, and all the truely revolutionaries, those who operated in conflicts and changed the world leaving after them a message of love instead of blood and tears. This book should be a must-read for whoever believes in non-violence, and whoever thinks that, on the contrary, is necessary -- and at any rate unavoidable. A must-read for politicians: non-violence as the way of service to others, and service to others to build or re-build a nation. For whoever strives to become ethically and socially better, wider, lighter, not to shrink oneself to brutality. So far, one of the best books I have ever read, together with Gandhi's Autobiography.