Plato (Greek: Πλάτων), born Aristocles (c. 427 – 348 BC), was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms. He raised problems for what became all the major areas of both theoretical philosophy and practical philosophy, and was the founder of the Platonic Academy, a philosophical school in Athens where Plato taught the doctrines that would later become known as Platonism. Plato's most famous contribution is the theory of forms (or ideas), which has been interpreted as advancing a solution to what is now known as the problem of universals. He was decisively influenced by the pre-Socratic thinkers Pythagoras, Heraclitus, and Parmenides, although much of what is known about them is derived from Plato himself. Along with his teacher Socrates, and Aristotle, his student, Plato is a central figure in the history of philosophy. Plato's entire body of work is believed to have survived intact for over 2,400 years—unlike that of nearly all of his contemporaries. Although their popularity has fluctuated, they have consistently been read and studied through the ages. Through Neoplatonism, he also greatly influenced both Christian and Islamic philosophy. In modern times, Alfred North Whitehead famously said: "the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato."
This book certainly had some great information, but really lacked focus. The writer was either over zealous, or attempting to make a show of his erudition; my feeling is it was probably more the former than the latter. He often quotes extracts from other works--sometimes amounting to a few pages from a single source. The quotes range from fairly relevant (e.g. Plutarch), to semi-relevant (Dante), to almost wholly irrelevant (e.g. Bunyan, Whitman, Shelley, etc.). He seems to have been under the impression that because he categorizes Plato's mythology as poetry, all poetry is a suitable analogue. I don't think I should have to explain why this is a rather inappropriate conflation of a vast and disparate terrain of literature.
He does provide not only the original Greek portions of the myths in Plato's dialogues (save the Atlantis portion), but he also provides his own English translations. That is a nice addition to his commentaries/discussions. If you are like me, you probably do prefer to have the underlying Greek available for study.
I agree with the author's contention that myth and poetry appeals to our sense of the transcendent, but I think that transcendental sense can take a range of forms. Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress does not give me the same feeling as Plato's Myth of Er. The same can be said of forms of music. I like John Coltrane and Depeche Mode. I wouldn't attempt to conflate the feelings I get from listening to them and posit them as somehow interchangeable simply because both represent forms of music. I also agree with him that allegory and myth are distinct, but I think that the hard and fast lines that the author makes between them are a little too neat. It is incredibly difficult to know precisely when a mythic story contains no allegory and when an allegory contains no myth. Quite often there's a bit of both.
As I said above, his excursions discussing Dante (which he seems to have been especially fixated on) seemed to be relevant at least part of the time. But we must acknowledge (as the author does) that Dante could not have known Plato beyond Calcidius' translation and commentary on the Timaeus. Undoubtedly, Dante was influenced by that work, but whether that warrants the time devoted to it, should probably be decided by the individual reader. I thought the discussion interesting, even if overly discussed at the cost of material far more pertinent and contemporaneous. Romantic and Victorian poetry could only be relevant in such a tangential sense that I feel like the time spent quoting and referring to it was simply filler--despite the author's enthusiasm towards it. My issue with this is certainly not due to lacking interest in both eras of poetry (in fact, quite the opposite), but I have to be honest in saying the relevancy is largely absent.
While the author does refer to more relevant topics like the Orphic tradition and the epic poets, this line of inquiry would have been a more worthwhile topic of further exploration. He notes Plato's love of Pindar and Pindar's obvious Orphic influence. This caught my attention as especially worthy of more discussion, but it wasn't pursued to my satisfaction. I agree with him that the Neo-Platonists should be handled with care (especially when attempting to determine Plato's intended meaning), but to think that John Bunyan is somehow more relevant is simply a befuddling supposition.
Far more interesting was the author's citation and discussion of Plutarch. One of the interesting things I've noticed about Plutarch, in contrast to the Neo-Platonists, is that Plutarch carried on Plato's penchant for myth, where as the Neo-Platonists did not. His quotations and discussion of Plutarch was far more appropriate thematically. Along with this was the author's occasional references to Apuleius, another important Middle Platonist that utilized myth. Plato's understanding of the term "daimon" was certainly an interesting discussion, but he didn't utilize Plutarch here to the degree he probably should have. He did show how Plato's use of the term sometimes differed and was sometimes analogous to Hesiod's and Homer's use of the same.
I must disagree with the author as to his position that myths like that of Atlantis were made up by Plato out of whole cloth. Using the Atlantis myth as the primary example (which is the author's as well), one can find interesting analogues in Biblical stories like the Tower of Babel and the Zoroastrian myth of Yima (aka Jamshid). It would be hard for me to believe that Plato wasn't influenced by stock myths in almost every myth that shows up in his dialogues. I wouldn't make the case that Plato didn't embellish these stock myths, but the idea he would make up a myth that was supposed to validate the superiority of Athenians is almost laughable. He would basically be saying that their ancient superiority is based on nothing but his imagination. This is just absurd. It is far more likely that these stories of the ancient valor of the Athenians was a matter of common knowledge--whether oral or written.
One of the more engaging portions was the last section where the author discusses the Cambridge Platonists. I've been interested in this “school” of philosophers for some time now. While the relevancy of this topic relating to Platonic mythology is questionable (the author does believe they were influenced by Plato's myths), it was at least an interesting discussion. He makes a good case that 19th-early 20th century British Idealism was rooted in Platonic thought, and specifically that which came through the Cambridge Platonists. Apparently, Berkeley himself was influenced by Ralph Cudworth. I haven't come across anyone else who has made that connection. If accurate, that would make British Idealism quite a bit more continuous and precedaneous. I had been under the assumption that the British Idealists were almost wholly adherents of the German Idealists. I will have to follow up on this lead when I dig into the later British Idealists.
The main reason I am giving this book around 3 to 3-and-a-half stars is due the lack of focus. I give the author credit for his enthusiasm, but not for his scholarly practicality. He sacrificed more worthwhile fields of exploration for less worthwhile ones. If one is reading a book on Plato's myths, that should be the main focus of the work. There's a vast array of Hellenistic literature for comparison and discussion; and that is the most relevant field to be, if not exhaustive in discussing, at least more thorough.
Mi-au plăcut tâlcurile miturilor, mai ales că se aplică foarte bine și societății de azi. Ceea ce nu mi-a plăcut a fost introducerea în lumea lui Platon. O prelegere îmbâcsită, greu accesibilă şi parcă fără nici o idee aprofundată. Citind-o am simțit că alerg prin filosofie și mitologie fără să rețin prea multe. Am dat 4 steluțe doar pentru mituri care m-au fascinat.
Une présentation d'une fine tranche l'œuvre de Platon à travers le prisme de ses mythes, que j'ai trouvée intéressante, d'autant plus qu'il est l'archétype du philosophe douteux de la valeur des récits poétiques. Idéal pour les gens qui comme moi, ne connaissent rien de sa vie ou de ses écrits. Je n'ai pas trouvé l'auteur prétentieux, bien au contraire, je le dirais plutôt généreux et sans égo. Il répète parfois avec insistance certains points ; mais après tout ce livre est destiné aux lycéens.
"Mitos" de Platón, publicado por Alianza Editorial, es una recopilación de diálogos filosóficos que exploran temas fundamentales como la naturaleza de la realidad y la verdad. Platón, discípulo de Sócrates, utiliza el formato de diálogo para presentar sus ideas a través de personajes como Sócrates, Timeo y Critias.
En este libro, Platón explora la relación entre lo visible y lo inteligible, cuestionando la autenticidad de la realidad percibida a través de los sentidos. A través del mito de la caverna, presenta una alegoría poderosa que ilustra la transición del conocimiento sensible al conocimiento intelectual.
El diálogo "Timeo" constituye una parte significativa del libro, donde Platón aborda la cosmología y la teoría de las ideas. Timeo, el personaje principal, presenta una visión del universo como un organismo ordenado y armonioso, diseñado por un demiurgo divino. Esta obra influyó profundamente en la cosmología medieval y renacentista.
Por otro lado, "Critias" narra la historia de la Atlántida, una civilización perdida y avanzada que sirve como metáfora para discutir la decadencia moral y política. A través de estos mitos, Platón explora la relación entre la ética y la estructura social, ofreciendo reflexiones atemporales sobre la naturaleza humana.
Alianza Editorial presenta esta obra con anotaciones que contextualizan las ideas de Platón y proporcionan una guía útil para el lector contemporáneo. La traducción respeta la riqueza filosófica del texto original, permitiendo que la profundidad de los diálogos se mantenga intacta. En mi opinión, si hubieran adaptado la obra y el vocabulario de una forma más contemporánea, podría haber ganado mucho, pero como comentaba, perdería su esencia.
En resumen, "Mitos" de Platón es una obra filosófica rica y compleja que aborda cuestiones fundamentales de la existencia humana. La forma dialogada empleada por Platón brinda vida a sus ideas, mientras que la edición de Alianza Editorial facilita su comprensión. Este libro sigue siendo una fuente valiosa para aquellos interesados en la filosofía clásica y la exploración de la verdad y la realidad.
The Myths of Plato by Plato - his magnum opus, The Republic, is one of The Greatest Books of All Time, indeed, you find it at 226th on the new site which uses a new, allegedly respectable algorithm, while The Complete Works of Plato are somewhat lower in the ranks there, at 353 – hundreds of books from this and other lists are reviewed on my blog – actually, if we take the two I have, then there are more than five thousand – and if you read this at https://realinibarzoi.blogspot.com/20... then I should try a reverse advertising and say that I am back on Goodreads, where they may have disliked my takes on Orange Woland and consequently kicked me out, and I am Realini Ionescu, there and elsewhere, with the photo you see here, under this line, with me in the lotus position, sitting on my head
10 out of 10
The Republic https://realinibarzoi.blogspot.com/20... is Plato’s most popular, acclaimed chef d’oeuvre, and I have already said it is ranked 226th on The Greatest Books of All Time site
What concerns me most now is The Allegory of The Cave, which I see as so relevant for the age we live in, well, it has been so poignant in the past centuries, but for now, it seems to me that so many live in that famous cave https://realinibarzoi.blogspot.com/20... or maybe it was infamous
We have this MAGA phenomenon, and this Orange Joker as leader of the cult, such a moron that no day passes without some idiotic act, many lines that are incredible in the worst sense – take yesterday, as highlighted by Jimmy Kimmel and The Daily Show, the way the leader of the free world talked about…two poles There is the war between Israel and Iran – along with a few others, Russia invaded Ukraine, there is Sudan and more – and the fool is bragging about two stupid poles for flags, in a comedy, you would not believe this thing, what with the Capitol insurrection, the top-secret files in the bathroom and everything else
So, the conclusion is that a few billion people live in the cave described by Plato, where they believe the shadows are the real thing, a clown is in fact the ‘very stable genius’, Confidence Man https://realinibarzoi.blogspot.com/20... has become a glorious commander He had a parade for his birthday, and shouted at the other scoundrel – oops, I will be in danger again, maybe they kick me out, fuck freedom of speech – Hegseth, regarding the tanks and the lack of gravitas during the display of might, honoring the would-be monarch, at the same time, No Kings protests took place
However, I have to decide for myself if I am not a victim of the same mirage, taking the shadows of the Cave for the real thing, in that I am still not over the losing of that prominent place I used to have in my realm, number one top reviewer, second most popular, prominent reader – high there too, only I forgot the place
- Why regret that projection?
It is not like this is reflecting much, if any value, it is based on likes which we give each other, following the Reciprocity Rule from the psychology classic https://realinibarzoi.blogspot.com/20... Influence by Robert Cialdini, ergo what is the weight of that appreciation, is it real?
Perhaps The Zen Master story from Charlie Wilson’s War https://realinibarzoi.blogspot.com/20... will give the best lesson, we shall see, maybe it was for the best, no more wasted time
Now for my standard closing of the note with a question, and invitation – maybe you have a good idea on how we could make more than a million dollars with this https://realinibarzoi.blogspot.com/20... – as it is, this is a unique technique, which we could promote, sell, open the Oscars show with or something and then make lots of money together, if you have the how, I have the product, I just do not know how to get the befits from it, other than the exercise per se
There is also the small matter of working for AT&T – this huge company asked me to be its Representative for Romania and Bulgaria, on the Calling Card side, which meant sailing into the Black Sea wo meet the US Navy ships, travelling to Sofia, a lot of activity, using my mother’s two bedrooms flat as office and warehouse, all for the grand total of $250, raised after a lot of persuasion to the staggering $400…with retirement ahead, there are no benefits, nothing…it is a longer story, but if you can help get the mastodont to pay some dues, or have an idea how it can happen, let me know
Some favorite quotes from To The Hermitage and other works
‘Fiction is infinitely preferable to real life...As long as you avoid the books of Kafka or Beckett, the everlasting plot of fiction has fewer futile experiences than the careless plot of reality...Fiction's people are fuller, deeper, cleverer, more moving than those in real life…Its actions are more intricate, illuminating, noble, profound…There are many more dramas, climaxes, romantic fulfillment, twists, turns, gratified resolutions…Unlike reality, all of this you can experience without leaving the house or even getting out of bed…What's more, books are a form of intelligent human greatness, as stories are a higher order of sense…As random life is to destiny, so stories are to great authors, who provided us with some of the highest pleasures and the most wonderful mystifications we can find…Few stories are greater than Anna Karenina, that wise epic by an often foolish author…’
Platons relevanteste Ideen anhand Auszüge seiner originalen Werke. Die vorangestellte, erklärende Einleitung hilft dabei, die Konzepte im Kontext zu verstehen und die Symbole zu lesen. Empfehlenswertes, gut zusammengestelltes Nachschlagewerk - im Umfang bescheiden genug, um den Platon-Neuling nicht verängstigt in die Flucht zu schlagen.