Prokopius of Caesarea (ca 500-560), one of the last great historians of the ancient world, chronicled the conflict between the Romans and the Sassanian Empire, which ultimately led to the demise of both powers. This study focuses, besides his reports of political contacts and military conflicts, mainly on his descriptions of Persia and the Persians. What was known about these neighbors in the east during the late antique Roman Empire and which external factors influenced Prokopius' descriptions? German text.