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The Education of a Black Radical: A Southern Civil Rights Activist's Journey, 1959-1964
"A strong, uncompromising voice that dreams of a better America, Judge Bailey has experienced the ugliness of both racism and fear. Yet he has not stepped back. What a wonderful life to share." -- Nikki Giovanni, from her Foreword
When four black college students refused to leave the whites-only lunch counter of a Greensboro, North Carolina, Woolworth's on February 1, 1960, they set off a wave of similar protests among black college students across the South. Memphis native D'Army Bailey, the freshman class president at Southern University -- the largest predominantly black college in the nation -- soon joined with his classmates in their own battle against segregation in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. In The Education of a Black Radical, Bailey details his experiences on the front lines of the black student movement of the early 1960s, providing a rare firsthand account of the early days of America's civil rights struggle and a shining example of one man's struggle to uphold the courageous principles of liberty, justice, and equality.
A natural leader, Bailey delivered fiery speeches at civil rights rallies, railed against school officials' capitulation to segregation, joined a sit-in at the Greyhound bus station, and picketed against discriminatory hiring practices at numerous Baton Rouge businesses. On December 15, 1961, he marched at the head of two thousand Southern University students seven miles from campus to downtown Baton Rouge to support fellow students jailed for picketing. Baton Rouge police dispersed the peaceful crowd with dogs and tear gas and arrested many participants. After Bailey led a class boycott to protest the administration's efforts to quell the lingering unrest on campus, Southern University summarily expelled him.
After his ejection, Bailey continued his academic journey north to Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts, where liberal white students had established a scholarship for civil rights activists. Bailey sustained and expanded his activism in the North, and he provides invaluable eyewitness accounts of many major events from the civil rights era, including the protests in Washington D.C.'s financial district during the summer of 1963 and the gripping violence and arrests in Baltimore later that year. He sheds new light on the 1963 March on Washington by exploring the political forces that seized the march and changed its direction.
Labeled "subversive" and a "black nationalist militant" by the FBI, Bailey crossed paths with many visionary activists. In riveting detail, Bailey recalls several days he spent hosting Malcolm X as a guest speaker at Clark, hanging out with Abbie Hoffman in the early days of the Worsester Student Movement, and personal interactions with other civil rights icons, including the Reverend Will D. Campbell, Anne Braden, James Meredith, Tom Hayden, and future congressmen Barney Frank, John Lewis, and Allard Lowenstein.
D'Army Bailey gives voice to a generation of student foot soldiers in the civil rights movement. Moving, powerful, and intensely personal, The Education of a Black Radical offers an inspirational tale of hope and a courageous stand for social change. Moreover, it introduces an invigorating role model for a new generation of activists taking up the racial challenges of the twenty-first century.
When four black college students refused to leave the whites-only lunch counter of a Greensboro, North Carolina, Woolworth's on February 1, 1960, they set off a wave of similar protests among black college students across the South. Memphis native D'Army Bailey, the freshman class president at Southern University -- the largest predominantly black college in the nation -- soon joined with his classmates in their own battle against segregation in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. In The Education of a Black Radical, Bailey details his experiences on the front lines of the black student movement of the early 1960s, providing a rare firsthand account of the early days of America's civil rights struggle and a shining example of one man's struggle to uphold the courageous principles of liberty, justice, and equality.
A natural leader, Bailey delivered fiery speeches at civil rights rallies, railed against school officials' capitulation to segregation, joined a sit-in at the Greyhound bus station, and picketed against discriminatory hiring practices at numerous Baton Rouge businesses. On December 15, 1961, he marched at the head of two thousand Southern University students seven miles from campus to downtown Baton Rouge to support fellow students jailed for picketing. Baton Rouge police dispersed the peaceful crowd with dogs and tear gas and arrested many participants. After Bailey led a class boycott to protest the administration's efforts to quell the lingering unrest on campus, Southern University summarily expelled him.
After his ejection, Bailey continued his academic journey north to Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts, where liberal white students had established a scholarship for civil rights activists. Bailey sustained and expanded his activism in the North, and he provides invaluable eyewitness accounts of many major events from the civil rights era, including the protests in Washington D.C.'s financial district during the summer of 1963 and the gripping violence and arrests in Baltimore later that year. He sheds new light on the 1963 March on Washington by exploring the political forces that seized the march and changed its direction.
Labeled "subversive" and a "black nationalist militant" by the FBI, Bailey crossed paths with many visionary activists. In riveting detail, Bailey recalls several days he spent hosting Malcolm X as a guest speaker at Clark, hanging out with Abbie Hoffman in the early days of the Worsester Student Movement, and personal interactions with other civil rights icons, including the Reverend Will D. Campbell, Anne Braden, James Meredith, Tom Hayden, and future congressmen Barney Frank, John Lewis, and Allard Lowenstein.
D'Army Bailey gives voice to a generation of student foot soldiers in the civil rights movement. Moving, powerful, and intensely personal, The Education of a Black Radical offers an inspirational tale of hope and a courageous stand for social change. Moreover, it introduces an invigorating role model for a new generation of activists taking up the racial challenges of the twenty-first century.
272 pages, Hardcover
First published January 1, 2009
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Displaying 1 - 2 of 2 reviews
May 3, 2025
D’Army is a remarkable man. His story is one that not many talk about. This is an excellent example of someone in the roots of the Civil Rights Movement. I will be revisiting this book again and again. I couldn’t recommend this book more.
June 10, 2010
I first met D’Army Bailey in the fall of 1962 in New Haven, Connecticut where Peter Countryman and I were working with the Northern Student Movement. NSM was the group that Peter had founded to persuade college campuses to support the southern student civil rights movement and to educate northern students about racial disparities in their own communities. Many of us on New England campuses, well aware of the sit-ins in the south, were hungry to be part of the new movement.
Whether we grew up in the Deep South, as D’Army did, or in the Middle American Midwest or the Northeast, as Peter and I did, by the time four black students from North Carolina A&T College sat down at a lunch counter in Greensboro we were ready to act on the injustice exposed by the sit-ins. Our generation had been shaped in the 1950s by powerful precursors of change. We grew up knowing the names - Emmett Till, Mack Charles Parker, Rosa Parks, the Little Rock Nine. We shared the rage that stories of bigotry, segregation, and violence provoked.
D’Army (pronounced Dee-AR-mee), who grew up in Memphis, had led student protests at Southern University in Baton Rouge. After two thousand students marched from the campus to downtown Baton Rouge in support of students who’d been jailed for demonstrating against segregation, the university administration threatened to expel the student leaders. A group then began to organize a boycott of classes and the president closed the university and expelled some of the leaders, including D’Army. Students and faculty at Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts who were sympathetic to the southern movement raised money to offer a scholarship to one of the expelled students. D’Army Bailey applied and was accepted.
Now with The Education of a Black Radical: A Southern Civil Rights Activist’s Journey, 1959-1964 Bailey, a lawyer and retired judge in Memphis, Tennessee, provides a gripping account of his memories of that time. His story, a “history of the movement from the perspective of a single foot soldier” is a narrative that will invite our children and grandchildren to join in the struggle to build a better world.
Whether we grew up in the Deep South, as D’Army did, or in the Middle American Midwest or the Northeast, as Peter and I did, by the time four black students from North Carolina A&T College sat down at a lunch counter in Greensboro we were ready to act on the injustice exposed by the sit-ins. Our generation had been shaped in the 1950s by powerful precursors of change. We grew up knowing the names - Emmett Till, Mack Charles Parker, Rosa Parks, the Little Rock Nine. We shared the rage that stories of bigotry, segregation, and violence provoked.
D’Army (pronounced Dee-AR-mee), who grew up in Memphis, had led student protests at Southern University in Baton Rouge. After two thousand students marched from the campus to downtown Baton Rouge in support of students who’d been jailed for demonstrating against segregation, the university administration threatened to expel the student leaders. A group then began to organize a boycott of classes and the president closed the university and expelled some of the leaders, including D’Army. Students and faculty at Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts who were sympathetic to the southern movement raised money to offer a scholarship to one of the expelled students. D’Army Bailey applied and was accepted.
Now with The Education of a Black Radical: A Southern Civil Rights Activist’s Journey, 1959-1964 Bailey, a lawyer and retired judge in Memphis, Tennessee, provides a gripping account of his memories of that time. His story, a “history of the movement from the perspective of a single foot soldier” is a narrative that will invite our children and grandchildren to join in the struggle to build a better world.
Displaying 1 - 2 of 2 reviews