The Second Vatican Council was as much a response to the crises of the 20th-century as it was to the internal need for reform in the Church. The need to find a Christian philosophy for a disordered and dying bourgeois age by men like Emmanuel Mounier and Jacques Maritain laid the basis for the Council's response and the new call for evangelization of modern society.
Joseph A. Amato was an American author and scholar. Amato was a history professor and university dean of local and regional history. He has written extensively on European intellectual and cultural history, and the history of Southwestern Minnesota. Since retiring, he has continued publishing history books, as well as five poetry collections and his first novel.