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Fiction and Fictionalism

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Are fictional characters such as Sherlock Holmes real? What can fiction tell us about the nature of truth and reality? In this excellent introduction to the problem of fictionalism R. M. Sainsbury covers the following key topics:

- what is fiction?
- realism about fictional objects, including the arguments that fictional objects are real but non-existent; real but non-factual; real but non-concrete
- the relationship between fictional characters and non-actual worlds
- fictional entities as abstract artefacts
- fiction and intentionality and the problem of irrealism
- fictionalism about possible worlds
- moral fictionalism.
R. M. Sainsbury makes extensive use of examples from fiction, such as Sherlock Holmes, Anna Karenina and Madame Bovary and examines the work of philosophers who have made significant contributions to the topic, including Meinong, David Lewis, and Bas Van Fraassen. Additional features include chapter summaries, annotated further reading and a glossary of technical terms, making Fiction and Fictionalism ideal for those coming to the issue for the first time.

264 pages, Paperback

First published November 15, 2008

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R.M. Sainsbury

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Displaying 1 - 2 of 2 reviews
695 reviews73 followers
December 24, 2013
I didn't mind this book, but I didn't find it helpful either. Or all that interesting. Cant see this book being useful to anyone outside the field of Useless Philosophy. And for those of you who want to know--the conclusion at the end is that fictionalism is just a total sham.

My conclusion from reading this book: philosophy would do itself a giant favor by reading Non-Violent Communication by Marshall Rosenberg. This would help with the problems that seem to be language based, a reframing of the way they think of what is "good" and "true" would solve most of their problems. The sweeping generalizations, the problems of definition--they are problems inherent in the ways the English language does not serve individual men but rather rulers.

I am giving this book two stars instead of one because I imagine it may be useful for someone studying philosophy and it is not poorly written even if it is pointless drivel (to me).

And also, perhaps this is irrelevant to the argument, but when you are feeling afraid of slime in a movie, you ARE afraid of the slime. You are in the moment and in the movie. You have forgotten that you are safe and the slime isn't real. Those people who know that it's just a movie don't feel afraid. So the pages and pages about what people are afraid of since they cannot possibly be afraid of the slime... it's like philosophers have never studied psychology, not one iota.

Ayn Rand's Romantic Manifesto is so much better than this.
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54 reviews4 followers
January 27, 2023
"Fiction and Fictionalism" se divide em duas partes.

A primeira parte engloba os seis primeiros capítulos. Neles, o autor trata da ontologia da ficção, isto é, do problema se personagens ficcionais (como Sherlock Holmes) existem ou não. Sainsbury apresenta, do lado realista, as teorias Meinonguiana, possibilista e artefactualista; do lado antirrealista, o autor aborda a teoria do fingimento e critica a perspectiva de que um ato intencional nos fornece um objeto genuíno.

A segunda parte abrange os quatro capítulos restantes e introduz o ficcionalismo, que é uma posição antirrealista que sustenta que fingimos que as entidades de determinado domínio existem. Sainsbury investiga, então, a querela entre realistas e antirrealistas (ficcionalistas ou não) sobre a existência das entidades não-observáveis que os cientistas postulam em suas teorias, mundos possíveis lewisianos e valores morais.

A minha apreciação da obra é, em geral, negativa. Sainsbury faz uma reconstrução inadequada das teorias, com exceção da teoria possibilista de David Lewis (capítulos 4 e 8) e do empirismo construtivo de Van Fraassen (capítulo 7) - que são expostos com maestria. Além disso, a ontologia da ficção e a natureza do ficcionalismo são temas distintos o suficiente para pertencerem a obras diferentes.

Digo que Sainsbury peca na reconstrução das teorias porque o Meinonguianismo é reduzido à análise da intencionalidade, o artefacualismo é representado por van Inwagen (que sequer seria um artefactualista) ao invés de Amie Thomasson; e, o que é surpreendente, o trabalho de Kendall Walton, o antirrealista mais influente da comunidade, é virtualmente ignorado.

Os capítulos finais, que tratam do ficcionalismo, prejudicam a coerência temática da obra. A aproximação entre ficção e ficcionalismo é um pouco forçada, tal como seria a relação entre natureza e naturalismo. Ademais, justamente porque parecem ser um enxerto, as exposições ficaram superficiais, isso é, aquém do potencial argumentativo do autor.

Esta obra é uma das poucas introduções à ontologia da ficção mas, porque ela desvirtua e ignora teorias indispensáveis, acredito que o verbete 'Fiction' na Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy seja um lugar mais seguro para começar os estudos. Quanto ao ficcionalismo, eu recomendaria o "A Critical Introduction to Fictionalism" de Fred Kroon et al.
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