The author makes the point that there must be some way to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching. He defends standardized testing as a good way to check whether the children are learning the material. Critics have criticized standardized testing, because it causes teachers to teach to the test. That is certainly a drawback, but, on the plus side, standardized testing has the advantages that it is objective, and can be used in cross-school comparisons. My personal opinion is that the main thing that is wrong with American standardized testing is that there is too much emphasis on math and reading. The solution is not to eliminate standardized testing, but rather to broaden it to include other subjects, such as history, current events, civics, science, medicine, art and music.