Part How Parents Influence Children's Development .- Chapter 1. The Importance of Parenting in Influencing the Lives of Children.- Chapter 2. Biological Influences on Children's Development.- Chapter 3. Parent-Child Relationships and Attachment.- Chapter 4. Social Learning Modeling, Instructions, Consequences.- Chapter 5. Effects of Parental Relationships on Children.- Chapter 6. The Role of Fathers in Supporting Children's Development.- Chapter 7. Trauma and Considering Humanitarian Crisis Contexts.- Part The Effects of Parenting on Children's Development .- Chapter 8. Parenting and Human Brain Development.- Chapter 9. Effects of Parenting on Young Children's Language and Communication.- Chapter 10. The Effects of Parenting on Emotion and Self-Regulation.- Chapter 11. Peer and Sibling Relationships.- Chapter 12. Schooling and Academic Attainment.- Chapter 13. Children's Health, Physical Activity, and Nutrition.- Chapter 14. Children with Developmental Disorders.- Part Determinants of Parenting .- Chapter 15. Child Characteristics and Their Reciprocal Effects on Parenting.- Chapter 16. Child Self-Regulation and Parental Mental Health.- Chapter 17. Parental Relations to Parenting and Child Behavior.- Chapter 18. Family Structure and the Nature of Couple Family Violence, Separation, Divorce, and Repartnering.- Chapter 19. Social Support and Relationships with Family and Friends.- Chapter 20. Cultural Background and Religious Beliefs.- Chapter 21. Work, Poverty, and Financial Stress.- Chapter 22. Long Distance The Impact of Parental Separation and Absence due to Work Commitments on Families.- Chapter 23. Communities, Neighborhoods, and Housing.- Chapter 24. Policies and Services Affecting Parenting.- Part Tasks and Challenges of Parenting and Child Development Across the Lifespan .- Chapter 25. Preparation for Parenthood.- Chapter 26. Parenting of Infants and Toddlers.- Chapter 27. Parenting of Preschool and School-Aged Children.- Chapter 28. Parenting of Adolescents and Emerging Adults.- Chapter 29. Parenting of Adult A Neglected Area of Parenting Studies.- Chapter 30. Parenting and Career Responsibilities During the Later Years.- Part Supporting Parenting .- Chapter 31. The Impact of Poverty and Discrimination on Family Interactions and Problem Development.- Chapter 32. Role of University Parenting Programs in Prevention.- Chapter 33. Parenting and Family Intervention in Treatment.- Part Implications for Policy and Practice .- Chapter 34. Towards a Comprehensive, Evidence-Based System of Parenting Support over the Lifespan.- Chapter 35. Economic Benefits of Sustained Investments in Parenting.- Chapter 36. Future Directions in Research and Practice.