This book documents the ground rules for a meaning discourse on existential themes in Philosophy. This is done with a view to invoke critical thinking to enhance understanding and good character of the reader, which is geared towards achieving a better, harmonious and habitable contemporary society. The nine chapters of this book, systematically raised a sensitive and thought-provoking issues that bother on the nature and important fundamentals of Philosophy, such as Meaning of Philosophy, Philosophy and Science, function of Philosophy, the branches of Philosophy and methodology of doing Philosophy including African Philosophical values. Furthermore, the existential contemporary issues that bother on Family values and Sustainable national development, ethics, and corruption have been tackled. This book is not for shelves, but a must-read for teachers of Philosophy, ethics, religious leaders, politicians, medical practitioners, students and the public.